Characterization of PM2.5 Fugitive Metal in the Workplaces and the Surrounding Environment of a Secondary Aluminum Smelter

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.04.038

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Title:	Characterization of PM2.5 Fugitive Metal in the Workplaces and the Surrounding Environment of a Secondary Aluminum Smelter
Authors:	Su-Ching Kuo Li-Ying Hsieh Cheng-Hsien Tsai Ying I. Tsai
Contributors:	醫藥化學系環境工程與科學系
Keywords:	Aluminum smelter Blast furnace Reverberatory furnace Metallic profiles
Date:	2007-10
Issue Date:	2010-01-15 14:39:39 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	Elsevier
Abstract:	Fugitive metal in PM2.5 at the blast furnace (S1), reverberatory furnace (S2), and surrounding environment (S0) of a secondary aluminum smelter (a secondary ALS) was studied. PM2.5 mass concentration at the blast furnace exceeded that at the reverberatory furnace and this was especially apparent during operation, giving an early indication that the blast furnace is more important as a pollutant source. Further, PM2.5 mass concentration levels and patterns at S0 indicated that emissions from the blast furnace and reverberatory furnace were the major source of the observed fine particle pollution in the surrounding environment. Si and K were the main components and hence pollutants by mass in the PM2.5 at S1, S2 and S0 during both operation and non-operation. Hg was not detected in the PM2.5 aerosol during smelter operation but was present at all three sampling locations during non-operation. This is due to the falling blast furnace and reverberatory furnace temperatures during non-operation which cause Hg vapor formed during operation to condense to form detectable Hg particles, and hence Hg contributes to the pollutant load during non-operation. Average S1/S0 and S2/S0 mass concentration ratios of 40.32 and 18.53, respectively, for all measured metals during operation and 7.83 and 5.73 for all measured metals during non-operation indicate that metal particulate pollution at the workplaces of secondary ALSs, particularly at the blast furnace during operation, is a serious issue. S1/S0 mass concentration ratios were higher still for Pb (62.22), Ti (113.40) and Ba (248.64), while the S2/S0 mass concentration ratio for Mo was 138.20. Principal component analyses produced a PC1 that explained 32.36–48.16% of the total variance during operation of the smelter and 47.86–69.Ten percent during non-operation. Their strong component loadings were mainly related to the fugitive PM2.5 mass. Compared to atmospheric metal concentrations reported for other regions of the world, the toxic metals that have relatively higher concentrations in the secondary ALS emissions are Cr, Cd, Cu, As, Pb, Se, Al and Zn, especially during smelter operation. Concentrations of these toxic heavy metals are approximately 2–4 orders of magnitude higher than those reported for various industrial regions and metropolises with heavy traffic across the world.
Relation:	Atmospheric Environment 41(32)： p.6884-6900
Appears in Collections:	[Dept. of Food & Drug Industry and Inspective Technology] Periodical Articles [Dept. of Environmental Engineering and Science (including master's program)] Periodical Articles

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