本研究之目的在於製備含奈米金屬顆粒複合膜以提升薄膜之滲透蒸發分離性能。研究中以摻合商業奈米鐵(100nm)、光分解法、化學還原法、熱解法製備奈米複合膜，探討乾式成膜過程中因鑄膜液含奈米顆粒對聚嗍碸高分子成膜後之型態及孔隙特性之影響，並探討其對滲透蒸發分離乙醇水混合液分離性能之影響。研究中將商業級奈米鐵摻合添加入聚嗍碸鑄膜液組成，複合薄膜因奈米顆粒發生團聚現象，導致表面明顯出現金屬鐵顆粒，原因為商業奈米鐵顆粒大小臨界奈米尺寸之上限，使得奈米鐵顆粒過度團聚，導致薄膜表面因相分離形成明顯孔洞，因而薄膜選擇性不能有效提升。以熱解法製備奈米鐵溶液加入聚嗍碸鑄膜液，複合薄膜明顯受到鐵顆粒奈米效應之影響，薄膜中高分子排列更為密集整齊且表面缺陷減少，因此導致薄膜之透過率降低與選擇性明顯增加。同時，本研究中亦利用化學還原法製備含奈米鐵溶液加入聚嗍碸鑄膜液，探討濕式成膜過程中因鑄膜液組成改變對非對稱薄膜型態及孔隙特性之影響，並探討其對滲透蒸發分離乙醇水混合液分離性能之影響，研究發現添加奈米金屬鐵顆粒於聚嗍碸鑄膜液組成，非對稱薄膜之皮層厚度明顯增加，分離係數亦大幅上升，透過率也較對稱薄膜明顯提升，由本研究之結果得知以還原法製備含奈米金屬顆粒複合膜運用於高濃度乙醇水溶液之滲透蒸發分離操作較原基材更具明顯優勢。當鑄膜液中奈米顆粒增加時，其複合薄膜之皮層及分離係數亦會增加，而皮層增厚主要是鑄膜液在濕式成膜法中延緩其相發離所致，且可將鑄膜液以光穿透測量法來驗證此現象。熱分解法可以很容易製造同質之鑄膜液且製備非對稱及緻密對稱薄膜。使用化學還原法製備同質鑄膜液來製備非對稱薄膜。而摻合法是無法製備同質之薄膜。 The purpose of this study is to prepare the containing nano-metal particles membranes and application for dehydration of ethanol mixture by pervaporaion. The nano composite membranes were prepared by blending, photo decomposition, chemical reduction, and thermo decomposition methods. The effect of containing nano particle on polymer packing and membranes structure were investigated by discussing the morphology and pore properties of composite membranes. The contribution of pore properties and membrane morphology of composite membranes were correlative to the pervaporation properties. The coagulation of nano particles were found in the casting solution by blending method. The rich micro and macro phase separation were found in the composite membranes with blending method. The poor pervaporation properties were also found in those membranes. The denser polymer packing composite membranes were prepared by thermo decomposition methods. The nano composite membranes present a well homogeneity of nano particle distribution in membranes and it was evidenced by the SEM observations. The containing of nano particle induced a decrease in permeation rate and enhanced the separation factor of composite membranes. The change of pervaporation properties was contributed by the nano particle containing and rearrangement of polymer chain and less defects in the matrix of composite membranes. The chemical reduction methods were used to prepare the nano-particles and casting solution. The asymmetric composite membranes were prepared by the wet phase immerse method. The pervaporation properties of asymmetric membranes were investigated with correlating the influence of nano particle contain on the membrane morphology. It was found that the increase in nano particle content in casting solution enriched the skin layer thickness and increased the separation factor of composite membranes. It was found that the skin layer thickness was thickening by the delay demixing of casting solution in wet casting method. This phenomenon was identified by the light transmittance measurements of the casting solution. The photo and thermo decomposition method is easily to prepare the homogeneous casting solution and it can be casting for asymmetric and dense symmetric membranes. The chemical reduction method to prepare the homogeneous casting solution is used for asymmetric membranes preparation. The blend method is difficult to prepare well homogeneity membranes.
