| 摘要: | 本研究主要探討人工濕地在未添加任何廢污水情況以及在不同鹽分條件下，人工濕地之污染釋出特性以及植物元素組成狀況。本研究分為四組系統，各系統分別由表面流動式（free water surface flow system，FWS）人工濕地以及潛流式（subsurface flow system，SSF）人工濕地系統串聯而成，其間分別栽種香蒲與蘆葦，藉由氨氮（Ammonia Nitrogen，NH3-N）、總磷（Total Phosphorus，TP）、生化需氧量（Biochemical Oxygen Demand，BOD）等污染參數檢測探討其各類污染之釋放狀況及植生之特性變化。
本研究系統所栽種植物受到鹽分以及未添加污染物所影響，部分系統因鹽分過高造成栽種香蒲死亡，其餘採收植物之碳、氮、氫、硫、氯等元素檢測值大致較有添加人工合成廢污水時些微降低。在無鹽分系統FWS中BOD與NH3-N之系統平均出流濃度為2.9 mg/l與0.6 mg/l，分別較進流平均增加0.4mg/l、0.17mg/l，顯示其釋出現象不甚明顯。而TP濃度因有二階段性變化現象，第一、二階段平均出流濃度為0.4 mg/l與1.91 mg/l，分別較進流平均增加0.02 mg/l上升段則減少0.07 mg/l，顯示其釋出現象亦不甚明顯。在SSF系統BOD平均出流濃度為3.5 mg/l，較進流濃度少0.18 mg/l，顯示不僅釋出現象不明顯，甚至其去除弁鉦什炕ANH3-N與TP第一、二階段平均出流濃度分別為0.7 mg/l、0.49mg/l及1.93mg/l，分別較進流平均增加0.12 mg/l、0.09 mg/l、0.02 mg/l顯示釋出不明顯。
在含0.5%、0.8%、1.2%鹽分之FWS系統，其BOD平均出流濃度為3.0 mg/l、3.9 mg/l及3.7 mg/l，分別較進流平均增加0.81mg/l、1.83mg/l、1.33mg/l，由其結果顯示鹽分明顯增加BOD之釋出。而NH3-N之平均出流濃度則為0.7 mg/l、0.8 mg/l及0.7 mg/l，分別僅較進流平均增加0.08mg/l、0.08mg/l、0.05mg/l。TP第一階段平均出流濃度分別為0.57 mg/l、0.67 mg/l及0.66 mg/l，分別僅較進流平均增加0.15mg/l、0.25mg/l、0.22mg/l，至於第二階段平均出流濃度分別為1.95 mg/l、2.10 mg/l及2.23 mg/l，分別增加0.07mg/l、0.02mg/l、0.12mg/l，顯示在FWS系統NH3-N與TP污染物皆釋出階不明顯；至於在SSF系統中BOD、NH3-N以及TP其釋出特性則亦不甚明顯。
This study was mainly focused on the pollution released from constructed wetland (CW) and the salinity effects. The elements component characteristics of the plant in CW was also a major topic discussed in the present study. This study was conducted in four sets CW systems with different salinities. Each CW system was consisted by a free water surface flow (FWS) constructed wetland and a subsurface water flow (SSF) constructed wetland, which was planted with the cattail and reed, respectively. The pollutions released from CW and the salinity effects were observed by the analysis of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), total phosphorus (TP), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD).
Due to the salinity, partial cattails in the systems operated under higher salinity were faded. The element components C, N, H, S, and Cl of plants were found to be lower than those in the systems without salinity effects and polluted inflow. In the FWS without salinity, the average effluent concentrations of BOD and NH3-N were 2.9 mg/l and 0.6 mg/l, respectively, which averagely increased 0.4 mg/l, and 0.17 mg/l than the influent. This result revealed that the increase was trivial and the organic release from CW in fresh water was almost balanced with the removal. The effluent concentration of TP had two-stage changes. Average concentrations of effluent on the first and second stage were 0.4 mg/l and 1.91 mg/l, respectively, which averagely increased 0.02 mg/l and decreased less 0.07 mg/l than those in the influent. It indicated that the TP released from FWS CW was not higher enough to change the TP concentrations in the effluent. In the SSF system, the average effluent concentrations of BOD were 3.5 mg/l which was 0.18 mg/l less than the influent. Averages of the effluent concentrations of NH3-N and 1st stage TP and 2nd stage TP were 0.7 mg/l, 0.49mg/l and 1.93mg/l, respectively, which showed averaged increases of 0.12 mg/l, 0.09 mg/l and 0.02 mg/l than the influent. These results revealed that the pollution released from the SSF CW did not play a important role.
In the FWS CW with salinities of 0.5%, 0.8% and 1.2%, the average effluent concentrations of BOD were 3.0 mg/l, 3.9 mg/l and 3.7 mg/l, respectively, which was 0.81mg/l, 1.83mg/l and 1.33mg/l larger than those in the influent. This revealed that salinity can increase the BOD release. The average effluent concentrations of NH3-N were 0.7 mg/l, 0.8 mg/l and 0.7 mg/l, correspondingly, which were 0.08mg/l, 0.08mg/l, and 0.05mg/l larger than those in the influent. The average effluent concentrations of TP in the first stage were 0.57 mg/l, 0.67 mg/l and 0.66 mg/l, which increased only 0.15mg/l, 0.25mg/l and 0.22mg/l. As to the average concentrations of effluent on second stage, they were 1.95 mg/l, 2.10 mg/l and 2.23 mg/l, respectively. It averagely increased 0.07mg/l, 0.02mg/l and 0.12mg/l in the effluent. It revealed that the released phenomenon of NH3-N and TP both were not a important portion in FWS system. A similar conclusion was also found in the SSF system. |
