Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science Institutional Repository:Item 310902800/9611
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    Title: 不同觸媒煅燒條件製備之CeO2對於觸媒催化含酚廢水濕式氧化反應之影響
    Effect of catalyst calcining method on the CWAO of phenolic wastewater via CeO2
    Authors: 許義聰
    Yi-Tsung Hsu
    Contributors: 林秀雄
    嘉南藥理科技大學:環境工程與科學系碩士班
    Keywords: 
    煅燒條件
    氧化鈰觸媒
    濕式氧化
    CWAO
    Calcine condition
    CeO2
    Phenol
    Date: 2008
    Issue Date: 2008-12-29 15:19:03 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 本研究以過氧化氫還原法合成不同鈰鹽來源之氧化鈰觸媒,藉由酚轉化率以及COD去除率的分析,評估不同鈰鹽來源對於含酚廢水之CWAO催化效能,以篩選出最佳鈰鹽來源。另外,在製備條件方面,針對升溫速率、脫水、結晶、成相熱衝擊溫度,以及結晶、成相持溫時間做改變、期望能製備出效能最佳的氧化鈰觸媒。並嘗試使用此最佳觸媒應用於乙酸之CWAO反應中探討其催化效能。
    研究結果顯示,在最佳鈰鹽來源篩選方面,以氯化鈰(CeCl3)所製備之氧化鈰觸媒,具有最佳反應催化效能。在酚濃度1000ppm、反應溫度180℃、1.5MPa氧氣分壓以及1g/L觸媒添加量的反應條件下,3hr後可達到約100%之酚轉化率以及90%COD去除率,其次為硝酸鈰(Ce(NO3)3所製備氧化鈰觸媒,在相同反應條件下,4hr後酚轉化率及COD去除率只有20%左右。此外,筆者發現,除了反應溫度、氧氣分壓、反應物濃度及觸媒添加量會對誘導期造成影響之外,也與觸媒煅燒條件有關,例如在4℃/min升溫條件下所製備之觸媒誘導期約為1小時,而8℃/min所製備之觸媒誘導期則拉長為3小時左右,由此可知,煅燒條件除了影響觸媒活性,也會改變誘導期的長短。
    在煅燒條件方面,以氯化鈰為鈰鹽來源,在升溫速率4℃/min、脫水熱衝擊溫度200℃、結晶熱衝擊溫度300℃(持溫2hr)、成相熱衝擊溫度350℃(持溫0hr)為最佳製備之煅燒條件,與本研究室先前所使用製備觸媒之煅燒條件不盡相同, 除了更加確定本研究室所製備氧化鈰觸媒效能外,也篩選出最適CeO2觸媒製備方法。
    利用此最佳觸媒應用於乙酸之CWAO反應,結果得知,不論改變溫度、濃度以及觸媒添加量皆無法有效的催化乙酸,顯示乙酸不易被氧化。且利用共促進氧化法原理,在乙酸溶液中添加酚之CWAO反應,利用氧化鈰觸媒在酚溶液中較易產生自由基之特性增加氧化能量來對乙酸作用,雖在反應8小時後COD去除率有上升之驅勢,但經換算理論COD值及比較後發現,所去除之有機物質皆為酚,而乙酸依然無法被去除。
    在觸媒鑑定方面,筆者嘗試利用XRD、BET佐證觸媒活性高低之原因。在BET分析中,不同鈰鹽來源所製備之觸媒,以硝酸鈰所製備之氧化鈰觸媒比表面積為最大,但反應效能最好鈰鹽來源則為氯化鈰,顯示觸媒催化活性與比表面積並無絕對關係,主要是受活性位址多寡影響。而煅燒條件的改變也會影響觸媒比表面積,但無關活性之優劣。在XRD圖譜之中,可看出在不同鈰鹽來源所製備之觸媒中,以氯化鈰所製備之觸媒強度低且雜訊多,代表晶相缺陷較多,所以活性為最好。煅燒條件的改變會直接影響到觸媒晶相缺陷及活性位置,進而造成觸媒催化效能升高或降低。
    Via redox rxn in H2O2, various CeO2 catalysts were prepared from different Ce salt sources. Performance of CWAO of phenolic was assessed to screen the most suitable salt, i.e. CeCl3. Using CeO2 prepared from CeCl3, after 3hr rxn about 100% phenol conv. and 90% COD removal can be attained at the conditions of 1000ppm phenolic solution, 1.5MPa O2, 1.0g/L catalyst loading and 180℃rxn temp. Various calcinations conditions were also tested to realize the optimum CeO2 preparing condition. It was found that with 4℃/min heating rate, the most active CeO2 could be obtained if the dehydration temp. was 200℃, the crystalizing temp. was 300℃(holding 2hrs)and the crystal growth temp. was 350℃.
    Alternatively, CWAO of acetic acid was implemented using the most active CeO2. No obvious mineralization observed, demonstrating acetic acid was indeed a refractory organic even using CeO2 catalyst.
    BET measurement indicates that CeO2 catalysts have different surface areas, while it is supposed the surface area does not have direct relation with the catalytic ability of CeO2.
    Relation: 校內外完全公開
    Appears in Collections:[Dept. of Environmental Engineering and Science (including master's program)] Dissertations and Theses

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