| 摘要: | 本研究係以行政院環境保護署設置於台南縣新營、善化2處空氣污染物自動連續監測站所監測數據 （以SO2、NO2、O3、 PM10為主）及中央健保局民國88年至94年間監測站所在地新營市及善化鎮居民就診資料，統計分析兩地居民罹患呼吸性疾病（以呼吸系統疾病、呼吸道感染、上呼吸道感染、其他急性上呼吸道感染、下呼吸道感染及流行性感冒、慢性肺部疾病為主）之健保門診人數，探討各污染濃度與居民之呼吸道疾病就診門診量之關聯性。
依84至94年間監測站數據分析，新營市空氣污染物於84年SO2、NO2年平均濃度為5.8及20.6 ppb，至94年則分別為3.7及15.5 ppb，有逐年下降趨勢。O3、PM10於84年平均濃度為18.4 ppb及73.9 μg/m3，至94年分別為26.8 ppb及82.7 μg/m3，則有逐年上升趨勢。就88年至94年罹患呼吸性疾病健保門診人數，由696,957人逐年下降至550,577人。
84年善化鎮SO2、NO2及O3年平均濃度分別為6.3、17.2及30.2 ppb，而至94年則分別為5.3、16.0及22.5 ppb，有逐年緩步下降趨勢。PM10於84年平均濃度為67.9 μg/m3，而至94年為78.2 μg/m3，則有逐年上升趨勢。就罹患呼吸性疾病而言，88年至94年健保門診人數，由463,412人逐年下降至448,505人。
本研究經統計分析結果顯示，新營市O3及PM10與「呼吸性疾病」中之 I
呼吸系統疾病、呼吸道感染、其他急性上呼吸道感染、下呼吸道感染及流行性感冒之就診人數，具有顯著之相關性（O3：R2＝0.93、0.91 、0.77、 0.94；PM10：R2＝0.58、0.61 、0.61、 0.71，P皆＜0.05）。SO2與「呼吸性疾病」中之慢性呼吸道疾病具有顯著相關性（R2＝0.64，P＜0.05）。善化鎮NO2與「呼吸性疾病」中具有顯著相關性者為慢性肺部疾病（R2＝0.76，P＜0.05）。另在新營市之空氣污染指標（Pollution Standards Index, PSI 值）與「呼吸性疾病」中之其他急性上呼吸道感染，具有顯著相關性（R2＝0.62，P＜0.05）；善化鎮之PSI值與「呼吸性疾病」中之其他急性上呼吸道感染、下呼吸道感染及流行性感冒，具有顯著相關性（R2＝0.83及0.58，P＜0.05）。由此研究示空氣品質對人體康具有重要之影響性。
The purpose of the study is to investigate local clinical records of number of patients for respiratory diseases (including respiratory system disease, respiratory infection disease, upper respiratory infection, other acute upper respiratory infection, lower respiratory infection, and flu, chronic lung disease) in relation to the continuous emissions monitoring records of air pollutants at Xinyin and Sanhwa, Tainan County, from 1999 to 2005.
According to the monitoring station records from 1995 to 2005, the annual average SO2 and NO2 concentrations at Xinyin were 5.8 and 20.6 ppb, respectively in 1995, and decreased to 3.7 and 15.5 ppb, respectively in 2005. The annual average concentrations of O3 and PM10 were 18.4 ppb and 73.9 μg/m3, respectively in 1995, and also decreased to 26.8 ppb and 82.7 μg/m3, respectively in 2005. Clinical records showed numbers of patients with respiratory diseases were gradually decreased from 696,957 to 550,577 during 1999 to 2005. The annual average SO2, NO2 and O3 concentrations in 1999 were 6.3, 17.2 and 30.2 ppb, respectively, and gradually decreased to 5.3, 16.0 and 22.5 ppb in 2005. However, annual average concentration of PM10 was 67.9μg/m3 in 1999, and increased to 78.2 μg/m3 in 2005. Clinical records of patients with respiratory diseases were gradually decreased from 463,412 to III
448,505 during 1999 to 2005.
The statistical analysis in this study showed obvious correlations between Xinyin’s O3 and PM10 concentrations and respiratory diseases, such as respiratory system disease, respiratory infection, other acute upper respiratory infection, lower respiratory infection and flu (O3: R2＝0.93, 0.91, 0.77, 0.94; PM10: R2＝0.58, 0.61, 0.61, 0.71). SO2 was found to have an obvious correlation with chronic respiratory disease (R2＝0.64). Sanhwa’s NO2 level was found to correlate with chronic lung disease (R2＝0.76). In addition, the PSI level at Xinyin was found to correlate with other acute upper respiratory infection, while Sanhwa’s PSI level was found to correlate with other acute upper respiratory infection, lower respiratory infection and flu. |
