本研究之目的針對營建車輛駕駛勞工在工作場所作業時，除暴露於機械運轉之撞、壓、夾、捲等機械能危害外，環境中全身振動暴露之嚴重性調查。由於工作環境具有其特殊性，致使營造業職災發生率高居各產業之第一位，從災害類型統計顯示振動與噪音雖不是主要引起災害之直接原因，但是高振動環境將使作業勞工無法集中精神降低工作效率，且長期暴露下導致罹患下背痛、椎肩盤病變、退化性脊椎病變的機率明顯增加，因此瞭解操作營建機械之勞工振動暴露情形，有其必要性。本研究針對高全身振動暴露之營建車輛包括砂石車10輛、混凝車拌合車12輛及道路夯實機5台進行現場量測分析，而操作該類車輛之司機共25名為本研究問卷之對象。全身振動暴露調查包括作業現場之振動量取樣與工作紀錄、實驗室振動重現頻譜分析等三部份。每輛車進行檢測振動時至少跟車一趟以上且有效紀錄15分鐘。車輛行進間之全身振動量測並分析外，以問卷方式瞭解營建車輛駕駛員對營造工作環境之危害認知、環境控制與防護需求、及自覺症狀等項目設計問卷。
量測分析結果並與ISO 2631/1(1985)（我國勞工安全衛生設施規則301條）比較顯示砂石車、鐵輪夯實機高壓振狀況之全身振動三軸向或加權加速度（WAS）均偏高，其中鐵輪夯實機之振動量致使勞工作業暴露時間短（30至60分鐘間）；砂石車司機常路途遠，每趟出車超過3小時，如此全身振動（WAS=1.79m/s2）之累積能量對勞工可能會有傷害。從車輛行進之振動量分析顯示，影響全身振動的主要因素為車體保養狀況、司機駕駛習慣(X-軸最嚴重)、路況及車速。以Logistic迴歸分析方法，探討研究對象振動暴露時間及工作年資與自覺症狀中肩骨酸痛、腰酸背痛相關性，分析結果顯示與每天駕駛作業時間最顯著相關。 The main purpose of this study is to measure and evaluate the severity of the whole body vibration (WBV) in the working environment except the colliding, pressing, squeezing, rolling, by the machines during construction operation. Because of the specificity of the working environment, always the occupational hazard was the most severe in Taiwan. Analysis of the types of the hazards showed that although the vibration and noise was not the direct factor to cause the hazard. However, the high vibration and noise could diffuse the concentration of the workers so may induce the occurrence of the accident and decrease the performance. Also long-term exposure to vibration could induce vibration syndrome. So it is necessary and important to monitor and assess vibration exposure in the construction work place. The WBV acceleration of the machine duration operation will be measured, the every day working hour and the long-term average working hour of the operator also be recorded. The WBV level is recorded that when evaluated the tolerable exposure time in the sampling 27 construction vehicles by Article 301 of “Rules of Equipment and Measures for Protecting Labors, Safety and Health”. Finally, a questionnaire designed with the concept of hazard recognition and working environment control and used for 25 vehicle drivers.
Results show the exposure level of WBV for the gravel truck drivers was high, three axial vectors sum acceleration the mean value (WAS) is 1.79m/s2. According to ISO 2631-1:1985, the study results suggest that vibration exposure time may not excess 3 hours daily for gravel truck driver and 6 hours daily for other construction vehicle operators. The influence factors of WBV level for the construction vehicles are maintain vehicle in good repair, usual driver practice (the most serious in x-direction), pavement behavior and vehicle speed. By logistic regression analysis, the most significant influentially factor is driver time daily for sour and pain in shoulder bones and backache that analytical data from the realized symptom oneself of the construction vehicle operators.
