以光接枝聚合反應製備及改質滲透蒸發薄膜之研究

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標題:	以光接枝聚合反應製備及改質滲透蒸發薄膜之研究 Preparation and pervaporation properties of photografted Polyacrylic acid/Polysulfone membranes
作者:	邱盈憲 Yin-hsien Chiu
貢獻者:	陳世雄嘉南藥理科技大學：環境工程與科學系碩士班
關鍵字:	滲透蒸發光接枝聚嗍碸離子交換聚丙烯酸 Pervaporation photografting technology polysulfone ion exchanged polyacrylic acid
日期:	2006
上傳時間:	2008-11-24 17:02:06 (UTC+8)
摘要:	本研究探討親水性單體 (丙烯酸) 進行高分子光接枝聚合反應製備親水性超薄複合膜應用於滲透蒸發分離水/乙醇共沸混合物。本研究成扒i行單階段光起始方式光聚合反應為製備出聚丙烯酸接枝膜俱高滲透蒸發分離性能，研究中探討進行丙烯酸高分子光聚合反應變數，光聚合反應對光聚合超薄膜之製備與特性、型態及其對滲透蒸發性能之影響，研究結果發現接枝薄膜表面會隨親水單體濃度愈高，薄膜會有破壞現象，單體丙烯酸 (AA) 濃度在20% 時則會使薄膜表面會有裂縫使其對滲透蒸發性能降低，以丙烯酸利用UV光誘導接枝薄膜 (PSF-AA)：丙烯酸濃度為15%時，穿透量為574g/m2hr、選擇性比為171、 PSI值為9.8×104，並以PSF-AA薄膜為基礎膜，進行各種離子 (Na+、Mg2+、Al3+、二級胺、三級胺、四級銨) 離子交換 (Ion exchange) 反應改質親水單體進行光接枝聚合反應之親水與膨潤特性，研究中離子交換薄膜之交換離子顯著影響其對滲透蒸發之分離性能，結果發現以鈉離子交換具良好分離效果，研究結果顯示出本研究之離子交換薄膜，不會隨著交換離子價數愈高而影響其滲透蒸發之分離性能，Na+離子化薄膜 (PSF-AA-Na)：氯化鈉濃度為0.2M時，穿透量為619g/m2hr 、選擇性比為350、 PSI值為21.6×104，Mg2+離子化薄膜 (PSF-AA-Mg)：氯化鎂濃度為0.2M時，穿透量為492g/m2hr、選擇性比為193、 PSI值為9.4×104，Al3+離子化薄膜 (PSF-AA-Al3+) 時，穿透量為408g/m2hr、選擇性比為254、 PSI值為10×104，；並在銨離子交換薄膜中，只有在二級胺其濃度為0.05M時有最佳滲透蒸發分離性能，顯示出在銨離子系列之離子交換膜也因銨離子種類而影響其滲透蒸發性能，胺離子化薄膜 (PSF-AA-二級胺 )：二甲胺濃度為0.05M時，穿透量為431g/m2hr 、選擇性比為281、 PSI值為12.1×104，與文獻中滲透蒸發薄膜商業化潛力之基本要件上選擇性比為50，穿透量為500 g/m2 .h 及PSI值為 25000相較，由以上改質後所得之滲透蒸發效能值已遠遠高於文獻上之數值得知本研究改質之薄膜深具商業化潛力。 The purpose of this investigation focus on the preparation of photografted hydrophilic composite membranes (PSF-AA) and their ion exchanged membranes applying for dehydration of ethanol/water mixtures. The polysulfone-polyacrlic acid photografted membranes were successfully prepared by one stage photografting method and own a well separation performance of pervaporation. The preparing conditions and their influences on the membrane characteristics and morphology were also investigated. It was found that the excess grafting monomer (e.g. over20 wt %) concentration destructed the defect-free skin and lost their separation performance in grafting process. The optimum concentration of acrylic acid was 15% in grafting solution. The permeation rate, separation factor, and PSI value of those membranes were 574g/m2hr, 171 and 9.8Ã104 , respectively. The ion-exchnaging membranes were processed by exchanged Na+ãMg2+ãAl3+ãsecondary ammonia ion and tertiary ammonia ion with hydrogen ion on the acrylic acid group of PSF-AA membranes. The effect of exchanged ion on the swelling properties and hydrophilicity of PSF-AA membranes were investigated. It was found that the exchanged ions on the AA group of PSF-AA membranes strongly influence the pervaporation performance. The sodium ion exchanged membranes showed the best separation performance in this study. The PSI of those membranes shows the decay trend with the exchanged ion valence. The PSI decreased with the exchanged ion valence in the serial, PSF-AA-Na > PSF-AA-Mg> PSF-AA-Al. on the other hand, the ammonia ion exchanged membranes showed a significantly affect on the exchanged ion size on the pervaporation performance of PSF-AA membranes. It was showed that the lower substitution of ion on acrylic acid and small ion size of those ammonia ion can be induced a good separation performance of PSF-AA membranes. Based on the investigation of this study, the PSI value of modified membranes were higher than the commercial critical PSI value (25000). This study showed that photografting technology and ion-exchanged modification were the effective method for the enhancement on separation pervaporation of polysulfone membrane.
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