| 摘要: | 哺乳類動物的精子發育過程是由有絲分裂，減數分裂和後減數分裂調控所組成的一種高層次過程，這些過程需要受到生殖細胞的染色質進行結構重組的調控。染色質主要的成分是組織蛋白，在精子生成過程中也包含部份特異表現於睪丸（testis-specific）或在睪丸組織大量表現（testis-enriched）的組織蛋白。雖然有一些組織蛋白變異性的基因在哺乳類動物的睪丸中被鑑定及發現，但是他們明確的弁鄍堳e還是未知的。本研究將針對老鼠及人類的睪丸組織表現的組織蛋白進行基因表現分析。利用基因庫（gene-bank）搜尋和文獻回顧，尋找一些老鼠物種（mouse）的候選基因及人類同源性基因，包括：Mm.193539、Mm.222733、Mm.8048、Mm.24350、Mm.30482、Mm.261670、Mm.261665、Mm.245931、Mm.283802、Mm.117541、Mm.5220、Mm.249751、Mm.261676、Mm.264645、Mm.352429、Mm.15595、Mm.14775和Mm.144300。在研究出生後老鼠不同時期的睪丸組織中，組織蛋白表現在精子生成過程的早期有六個基因：Mm.193539、Mm.222733、Mm.261665、Mm.249751、Mm.15595及Mm.14775，全部時期皆表現的有六個基因：Mm.24350、Mm.283802、Mm.117541、Mm.5220、Mm.261676和Mm.144300及晚期有兩個基因：Mm.261670和Mm.264645。Mm.8048、Mm.30482和Mm.264645在老鼠睪丸表現量大於其他器官的表現量。人類不同組織中控制組的Hs.533293和Hs.226117在睪丸組織中是大量表現的而候選基因 Hs.530461則大量表現於睪丸組織和卵巢組織。Mm.193539、Mm.222733、Mm.8048、Mm.30482、Mm.264645和Mm.352429在c-kit基因剔除老鼠睪丸組織中（缺乏生殖細胞）的表現是有減少或缺乏的情形。然而，臨床病人的組織蛋白表現情形，Hs.226117、Hs.248174、Hs.420272和Hs.533624在SCOS的表現量是沒有顯著降低。綜合上述的結果推測某些組織蛋白對於生殖細胞的分裂分化可能参與或扮演重要的作用及角色。
Mammalian spermatogenesis is a highly organized process consists of mitosis, meiosis and post-meiotic regulation, which requires the structural reorganization of chromatin in germ cells. Histones are major components of chromatin, and the testis-specific or testis-enriched histones are believed to be involved in the differentiation of spermatogenesis. Although a number of histones variants have been identified in mammalian testes, their exact functions are still unclear. In this study, we examined the expression profiling of different histone genes both in mouse and human testes. Using the gene-bank search and literature review, the following genes and their human homologous were tested by way of RT-PCR: Mm.193539, Mm.222733, Mm.8048, Mm.24350, Mm.30482, Mm.261670, Mm.261665, Mm.245931, Mm.283802, Mm.117541, Mm.5220, Mm.249751, Mm.261676,Mm.264645, Mm.352429, Mm.15595, Mm.14775 and Mm.144300. Of the histone genes studies, six were expressed in early stages: Mm.193539, Mm.222733, Mm.261665, Mm.249751, Mm.15595 and Mm.14775, six were expressed in all stages of spermatogenesis: Mm.24350, Mm.283802, Mm.117541, Mm.5220, Mm.261676 and Mm.144300, and two were expressed in late stages: Mm.261670 and Mm.264645. Mm.8048, Mm.30482 and Mm.264645 have been shown to be expressed abundantly in mouse testis rather than other organs. Hs.533293, Hs.226117 and Hs.530461 are expressed abundantly in human testis rather than other organs. The absence or decreased expressions of Mm.193539, Mm.222733, Mm.8048, Mm.30482, Mm.264645 and Mm.352429 genes were found in c-kit knockout mice (lack of germ cell). The mRNA transcript levels of Hs.7644、Hs.533293、Hs.25934、Hs.530461、Hs.477879、Hs.137594、Hs.546314、Hs.534369、Hs.484990、Hs.143080、Hs.248172、Hs.136857、Hs.119192、Hs.553494 were significantly decreased in patients without spermatogenesis. Our results suggest that mammalian spermatogenesis appears to be regulated by organized stage- and cell-specific histone expressions both in the germ cells and the somatic cells. |
