| 摘要: | 選用本省主要農業廢棄物稻殼與蔗渣, 探討其做為製造活性碳之可行性, 故本研究之目的為解決本省主要農業廢棄物之棄置問題, 並可提供其他農業廢棄物製做活性碳之參考.本年度研究將高碳質之農業廢棄物以化學活化法有效提昇活性碳之孔隙性與表面化學特性.本年度計畫以不同含浸劑( 醋酸、磷酸、氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀等 )、濃度、含浸時間等碳化升溫速率、最終活化溫度、最終活化時間等條件之變化討論對活性碳各項特性之影響, 如化學活化劑對活性碳之化學特性( 灰份、電導度、表面pH值與表面官能基分析 )、表面特性( 粗糙度、孔隙性、孔徑大小與孔隙度 )及吸附特性( 碘度、有機污染物之去除率 )等各項因素, 並將製備活性碳之性能與商品化等級之活性碳做比較, 分別討論製備過程對碳化產物之影響.並以廢水中有機物之吸附效果決定最佳製備條件, 本研究第二年將以分析各活性碳質材之物理特性( 孔隙率、BET比表面積、孔徑大小與孔隙度等 )對吸附效能之影響, 由本研究第一年所製備之產物與商品化等級活性碳進行比較, 並利用其他改質方法提昇活性碳之孔隙性與使表面化學特性多樣化與孔隙性改善.以紅外線光譜儀與電子顯微鏡等儀器定性並討論對活性碳各項特性之影響, 及其對吸附特性( 碘度、有機污染物吸附率 )之影響.本年度研究進行不同農業廢棄物的活化條件( 包括: 活化劑種類、濃度與含浸時間 )測試, 預期可尋求良好的活性碳製備條件.另一方面, 進行碳化後質材之物理與化學性質測定, 可瞭解不同熱裂解條件下的活性碳品質.將品質較佳的活性碳實際應用有機物吸附作用上, 通入不同種類的有機廢水進行吸附作用, 測定污染物殘留量, 以實際瞭解試驗中製成的活性碳之吸附效果.
The study will investigate the feasibility of manufacturing the activated carbons from agricultural wastes.The use of carbon will be economical, since rice hull is a waste product in large quantities, especially in Taiwan.In this year, the objective of this study was to prepare active carbon from agricultural wastes with high carbon content from chemical activation method and was employed for organic wastewater treatment.The comparison between traditional chemical activated method and new developing immersion method will be made.Utilizing various preparing conditions, such as carbonization temperature, final activation temperature and immersed solution, the physical and chemical characteristics of active carbons will be investigated.The adsorption capacity of active carbons for wastewater treatment will be compared with commercial products.The effects of various preparing conditions on physical properties ( hardness and bulk density ), chemical properties ( chemical constituents, ash content, conductivity, surface pH value, oxgenized functional groups ), morphology ( roughness, porosity, pore size, and pore fraction ), adsorption properties ( indin value and efficiency of wastewater treatment )of active carbons will be measured by means of the methods reported in the literatures.The best preparing conditions will be determined by the the dye wastewater, benzene or phenol removal measurements.Activated carbon adsorption is one of the most promising techniques for organic wastewater treatment.The results will provide another treatment of large supply of agricultural waste.The agricultural waste will be high microporous structure and surface area by the treatment of pyrolysis.The prepared activated carbon which is a stable, versatile adsorbent caused of its good adsorption properties. |
