| 摘要: | 河川底泥基質蓄積經由空氣、水、土壤傳送之天然及人為重金屬及有機污染物。河川底泥中重金屬(Cu, Cr, Co, Ni, Pb and Zn)、有機物含量及鍵結於有機態重金屬之複雜化學反應機制發現可以簡單之數學模式表示其相關性。二仁溪、鹽水溪、曾文溪、急水溪、朴子溪及北港溪分別受到不同程度之重金屬及有機物污染，二仁溪底泥中重金屬(Zn, Cr, Pb, Cu, and Ni)與單位重量有機物鍵結之重金屬具有明顯之指數型態正相關，而鹽水溪底泥中重金屬(Co, Cr, Pb, Cu, and Ni)與單位重量有機物鍵結之重金屬呈現明顯之指數型態正相關，且相關係數分別為0.92、0.84、0.77、0.72、及0.63。受高濃度重金屬及有機物污染之二仁溪、鹽水溪重金屬與單位重量有機物鍵結之重金屬可以下述半對數方程式描述
㏑ M = A + B × (Metal bound to OM/OM)
複合物形成常數B可用於描述重金屬與有機物之鍵結能力。B值越大，重金屬與有機物之鍵結能力越小。然而於受輕度污染之河川底泥中，重金屬與單位重量有機物鍵結之重金屬模式則符合線性方程式。
River sediment matrices accumulate and collect pollutant from water, soil, and air including organic and inorganic material, coming from natural and anthropogenic sources. Simply empirical mathematic models were demonstrated to realize and predict the correlation among aqua-regia extractable heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Co, Ni, Pb and Zn), metals bound to organic matters (OM), and OM for the complicated chemical reactions existing in the river sediment matrices. Six main rivers, the Yenshui, Ell-ren, Tsengwen, Chishui, Potzu, and Peikang Rivers, located in southern Taiwan, were contaminated with heavy metals and OM in different level from industry, domestic, and agricultural wastewater. Significant exponential correlations among aqua-regia extractable heavy metals (Zn, Cr, Pb, Cu, and Ni), OM, and metals bound to OM were found in different depth of Ell-ren river sediment. The exponential correlation coefficient between aqua-regia extractable heavy metals (Co, Cr, Pb, Cu, and Ni) and metals bound to OM in per unit weight of OM in the Yenshui river sediment were 0.92, 0.84, 0.77, 0.72, and 0.63, respectively. The correlations between aqua-regia extractable heavy metals and metal bound to OM in per unit weight OM at serious metal contamination river sediment can be defined in empirical mathematic model as below
㏑ M = A + B × (Metal bound to OM/OM)
By usage of the model, the amount of each heavy metal forming complex with unit weight of OM can be predicted with concentration of aqua-regia extractable metal in sediment. The calculated results for complex formation constant (B) between aqua-regia extractable metals and metals-OM/OM from experimental data can be used as an index to compare the binding capacity of metal with OM. The larger the complex formation constant B existed, the weaker binding force of metal and OM was. However, in slightly polluted river sediment matrices with heavy metals, the empirical mathematic model was as below:
M = A + B × (Metal bound to OM/OM)
Where A and B have different values for each heavy metal. |
