隨著國內經濟發展除人民生活水準提高外，一般民眾環保意識也相對提高，對於悠關民眾權益之土壤污染整治問題將是政府部門未來待處理之事項。土壤扮演污染物最終貯存庫(reservior)角色，因此整治土壤就必需對其土壤之相關污染物濃度有所掌握，才能進一步採取行動。然而，推估土壤中重金屬之空間分佈，界定污染區域之核心污染範圍為決定整治範圍之重要依據。本研究是對仁德鄉1177地號8.16公頃農地以系統網格式定點進行採樣，配合相關品保品管措施分析土壤中水份、pH值、有機碳(OC)、陽離子交換容量(CEC)及兩種不同分析方法之鋅(Zn)、鎳(Ni)、鎘(Cd）、銅(Cu)、鉛(Pb)、鉻(Cr)等重金屬濃度值，並將前述分析值作一相關矩陣，試圖找出兩種不同土壤重金屬分析方法及其它物理化學因子間彼此之相關性，並利用地理統計之變異圖（variogram）來描述資料的空間相關性，並經由變異圖所展現的空間結構模式對其他未採樣點之重金屬濃度以克利金模式(Kriging)來推估採樣區之重金屬濃度二維空間分佈。本採樣區位於台南縣仁德鄉三爺宮溪受污染河段旁，調查數據顯示鋅(Zn)、鎳(Ni)部分測點濃度超出土壤污染監測基準值，鉻(Cr)、鋅(Zn)、銅(Cu)部分測點濃度超出土壤污染管制標準值，研究顯示鋅(Zn)、鎳(Ni)、銅(Cu)、鉛(Pb)、鉻(Cr)等五種重金屬具空間相依性，以克利金法(Kriging)模擬未採樣點重金屬濃度，其相關性皆以鉛(Pb)最佳，前述五種重金屬經由等值濃度圖所界定之重金屬核心污染區域皆集中於三爺宮溪流經之兩側，與相關文獻記載河川污染將造成農地污染之說法符合，故推測研究場址之重金屬污染係來自受重金屬污染之三爺宮溪 With the growth of the economy, the quality of life is improved as well as the awareness of environmental protection. To protect civil rights, soil pollution control and cleanup will be one of the primary issues for the government. Soil is considered the final reservoir of pollutants. In order to make land cleanup more efficient, the concentration of contaminants should be carefully measured. Furthermore, the core locations and the geographical distribution of interested pollutants, in this thesis heavy metals, should be thoroughly assessed to identify a proper clean up site. The soil for this research was collected from an 8.16 hectare agricultural land numbered 1177 in Ren-Deh County. Complied with proper quality control/assurance procedures, the soil was then sampled by systematic grinding method to analyze its physiochemical factors. A matrix was formed by these physiochemical factors to estimate the relationship of these factors and various analytical methods for heavy metals in soil. The data was further interpreted by a variogram model of geostatistics to exhibit spatial dependence of known values. Finally a Kriging model was used to determine the unknown values in two-dimensional distribution. The sampling area is located near polluted San-Yeh Temple River. The results indicate that the concentrations of Zn, Ni in some sampling points are beyond the soil pollution monitoring criterions and that of Cu , Cr and Zn are over soil pollution control standards. Kriging model simulation predicts that heavy metals have traveled through the soil on two sides of San-Yeh Temple River bank. From various research publications it is proved that river water pollution is a contribution to the contamination of cropland. Therefore the research implies the heavy metal contamination in the sampling site came from polluted San-Yeh Temple River.
