Fenton法是一種高級氧化程序,主要是利用亞鐵和過氧化氫產生具有強氧化力之氫氧自由基來氧化有機物,而高錳酸鉀和二氧化氯為氧化劑,可自身氧化還原形成氧化力。研究中選擇此三種化學氧化方式處理含苯環類廢水,主要是考慮到不同的處理方式皆各有其優缺點,在應用於實際廢水處理時,必須考慮到實際廢水之特性、操作的便利、安全性及成本的考量等因素,因此希望能針對不同的氧化方式找出最佳的操作條件,以利實際應用時可做為參考依據。主要之研究項目包括:(一) 探討Fenton法、高錳酸鉀氧化法和二氧化氯氧化法對苯胺和硝基苯的處理效果。(二) 探討Fenton法、高錳酸鉀氧化法和二氧化氯氧化法之起始pH、氧化劑加藥量等操作因子對苯胺和硝基苯的去除率之影響。(三) 探討陰離子對Fenton法、高錳酸鉀氧化法和二氧化氯氧法化處理苯胺和硝基苯之影響。研究結果顯示,硝基苯因含氧結構官能基陰電性為3.5,較苯胺含氫結構官能基陰電性為2.1,更不易釋放電子,而高錳酸鉀和二氧化氯之氧化反應,須從苯胺和硝基苯搶得電子,因硝基苯不易釋放電子,所以在高錳酸鉀和二氧化氯氧化硝基苯的系統中,氧化還原反應不易進行,造成硝基苯之處理效果不佳。Fenton法是利用氫氧自由基氧化有機物,而氫氧自由基具有強搶電子基,且氧化污染物不具選擇性,因此對苯胺和硝基苯的去除皆有良好之成效。於操作參數方面,控制起始pH為3、5、7和9時,在Fenton反應中,以控制起始pH為3處理苯胺和硝基苯效果最佳。在高錳酸鉀氧化系統中,同樣以控制起始pH為3,氧化苯胺之效果最佳。在二氧化氯氧化系統中,不論在酸性或鹼性環境下,二氧化氯皆會和5個電子反應,因此二氧化氯之氧化力不論是在酸性或鹼性環境下都相同,但由於苯胺在酸性環境下,苯環上的胺基會以(NH3+)的型態存在,在鹼性環境下,苯環上的胺基才會以(NH2)的型態存在,其pKa值為4.60,當控制起始pH為5、7和9時,系統中苯胺之胺基型態為(NH2),氧化苯胺之效果較佳。
當苯胺濃度為1.0×10-3 M,在Fenton反應中,最佳之加藥量為[Fe2+]=2.5×10-4 M,[H2O2]=1.0×10-2 M。在高錳酸鉀氧化系統中,以高錳酸鉀濃度3.8×10-3 M處理效果最佳。在二氧化氯氧化系統中,最佳之加藥量為二氧化氯3.8×10-3 M。在陰離子影響方面,研究中選擇氯離子、硝酸根、過氯酸根和磷酸根,以探討對三個氧化系統之影響。磷酸根存在時Fenton去除苯胺和硝基苯的效率最差,最主要抑制Fenton氧化能力的原因是H2PO4-會和亞鐵及鐵離子產生複合反應,降低亞鐵離子的催化能力,故無法有效去除苯胺和硝基苯。當有陰離子存在於高錳酸鉀和二氧化氯氧化系統中,因為陰離子會影響離子強度,造成系統之pKa值降低,使系統中苯胺之胺基型態為(NH2),故氧化苯胺之效果較佳。所加入之陰離子以磷酸根對高錳酸鉀和二氧化氯氧化苯胺幫助最大。 Fenton process is one of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). This method applied ferrous ion and hydrogen peroxide to produce hydroxyl radical for oxidizing the contaminants. Potassium permanganate and chlorine dioxide are also selected as the oxidants to compare with the Fenton reaction.The objectives of this study included:(1) to identify the ability of Fenton process, potassium permanganate and chlorine dioxide in oxidizing pollutants.(2) to determine the influences of initial pH, the oxidant concentration on the oxidation of benzene compounds.(3) to identify the effects of inorganic anions on the Fenton process, potassium permanganate and chlorine dioxide.Results show that nitrobenzene was difficult to be oxidized by potassium permanganate and chlorine dioxide but these two chemicals can decompose aniline easily. Fenton’s reagent can effectively oxidize both nitrobenzene and aniline. This is because chlorine dioxide undergoes a five-electron exchange in acid and alkaline solution. Therefore, the functional group of aniline is NH2 in alkaline solution and it easy to be oxidized.The optimum experimental conditions for Fenton process were controlled as follows:[C6H5NO2] =1.0×10-3 M, [C6H5NH2] =1.0×10-3 M, initial pH =3, [Fe2+]=2.5×10-4 M,[H2O2]=1.0×10-2 M. In potassium permanganate process, the concentrations of KMnO4 and chlorine dioxide were 3.8×10-3 M and 3.8×10-3 M, respectively.This study selected four anions, namely Cl-, NO3-, ClO4-, and H2PO4- to explore their effect on the process. Results show that H2PO4- and Cl- suppressed the aniline and nitrobenzene decomposition in Fenton process. The main reason for the suppression of H2PO4- and Cl- is that they produced a complex reaction with ferrous ions and ferric ions, which reduced their ability to catalyze hydrogen peroxide. The potassium permanganate and chlorine dioxide can effectively oxidize aniline when H2PO4- was present in the system because H2PO4- can decrease pKa via ionic strength effect, causing that aniline was easier to be oxidized.