GMI, a fungal immunomodulatory protein, ameliorates SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein-induced inflammation in macrophages via inhibition of MAPK pathway

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648

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Title:	GMI, a fungal immunomodulatory protein, ameliorates SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein-induced inflammation in macrophages via inhibition of MAPK pathway
Authors:	Lin, Zhi-Hu Yeh, Hsin Lo, Hung-Chih Hua, Wei-Jyun Ni, Ming-Yang Wang, Li-Kai Chang, Ting-Ting Yang, Muh-Hwa Lin, Tung-Yi
Contributors:	Natl Yang Ming Chiao Tung Univ, Inst Tradit Med Natl Yang Ming Chiao Tung Univ, Program Mol Med Natl Yang Ming Chiao Tung Univ, Biomed Ind Ph D Program Hungchi Women & Childrens Hosp Chi Mei Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol Chia Nan Univ Pharm & Sci, Dept Hosp & Hlth Care Adm Natl Yang Ming Chiao Tung Univ, Dept Pharmacol Natl Yang Ming Chiao Tung Univ, Inst Pharmacol Natl Yang Ming Chiao Tung Univ, Inst Clin Med Natl Yang Ming Chiao Tung Univ, Inst Tradit Med
Keywords:	COVID-19 GMI Envelope protein Inflammation Nutraceuticals
Date:	2023
Issue Date:	2024-12-25 11:04:43 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	ELSEVIER
Abstract:	Clinically, COVID-19 is often accompanied by a severe immune response (cytokine storm) which produces a large number of cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-12, and consequently causes acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). GMI is a type of fungal immunomodulatory protein that is cloned from Ganoderma microsporum and acts as modulating immunocyte for various inflammatory diseases. This study identifies GMI as a potential anti-inflammatory agent and determines the effects of GMI on the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokine secretion. Functional studies showed that SARS-CoV-2 envelope (E) protein induces inflammatory process in murine macrophages RAW264.7 and MH-S cells and in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated human THP-1 cells. GMI exhibits a strong inhibitory effect for SARS-CoV-2-E-induced pro-inflammatory medi-ators, including NO, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12 in macrophages. GMI reduces SARS-CoV-2-E-induced intracellular inflammatory molecules, such as iNOS and COX-2, and inhibits SARS-CoV-2-E-stimulated phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and P38. GMI also downregulates pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in lung tissue and serum after the mice inhale SARS-CoV-2-E protein. In conclusion, this study shows that GMI acts as an agent to alleviate SARS-CoV-2-E-induced inflammation.
Relation:	International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, v.241, Article 124648
Appears in Collections:	[Offices] 456

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