Toxoplasma gondii infection in small ruminants from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: Seroprevalence, spatial distribution and associated risk factors

doi:10.1016/j.vprsr.2023.100979

CNU IR > Pharmacy and Science > Dept. of Cosmetic Science and institute of cosmetic science > Periodical Articles > Item 310902800/34831

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Title:	Toxoplasma gondii infection in small ruminants from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: Seroprevalence, spatial distribution and associated risk factors
Authors:	Khattak, Irfan Usman, Tahir Swelum, Ayman A. Nasreen, Nasreen Khan, Adil Haider, Jamila Muhammad, Javed Chen, Chien-Chin Ben Said, Mourad
Contributors:	Abdul Wali Khan Univ Mardan, Coll Vet & Anim Husb King Saud Univ, Coll Food & Agr Sci, Dept Anim Prod Abdul Wali Khan Univ, Dept Zool Bacha Khan Univ Charsadda, Dept Zool Mt Allison Univ, Dept Biol, Sackville Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women Univ, Dept Microbiol Univ Haripur, Dept Microbiol, Haripur Chia Yi Christian Hosp, Ditmanson Med Fdn, Dept Pathol Chia Nan Univ Pharm & Sci, Dept Cosmet Sci Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Rong Hsing Translat Med Res Ctr, PhD Program Translat Med Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Biosci & Biotechnol, Dept Biotechnol & Bioind Sci Univ Manouba, Natl Sch Vet Med Sidi Thabet, Lab Microbiol Univ Manouba, Higher Inst Biotechnol Sidi Thabet
Keywords:	Epidemiological investigation Pakistan Risk factors Seroprevalence Small ruminants Toxoplasma gondii
Date:	2024
Issue Date:	2024-12-25 11:04:13 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	ELSEVIER
Abstract:	The primary aim of this investigation was to assess the occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among sheep and goats in five districts within the southern region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. Additionally, the study aimed to pinpoint potential factors associated with the spread of this infection. Serum samples were gathered from a total of 3505 small ruminants, comprising 1810 sheep and 1695 goats. These samples were then subjected to testing for anti-Toxoplasma antibodies using the Toxo-Latex slide Agglutination test. Concurrently, a predetermined questionnaire was employed to gather data on possible risk factors. The collected data underwent bivariate frequency analysis and multivariable logistic regression analyses. The findings revealed that 20.08% of the examined animals had positive results for anti-Toxoplasma antibodies. Notably, the prevalence of T. gondii was notably higher among sheep, with 21.8% of the sheep testing positive, as opposed to the 18% of tested goats (P = 0.007). The seroprevalence percentages were comparable across the five districts for both types of animals. For goats, the prevalence ranged from 16.8% to 20.1%, while for sheep, it ranged from 20.2% to 24%. Among the younger population (<= 1 year), the seroprevalence was statistically lower at 17.7% compared to the older pop-ulation (>1 year) at 23.1% (P < 0.001). Female animals demonstrated a higher prevalence (21.9%) in contrast to their male counterparts (17.8%) (P = 0.002). Animals reared for breeding and milking purposes displayed a greater seroprevalence (23.9%) compared to those intended for sale (17.7%) (P < 0.001). Furthermore, animals kept under a transhumant production system displayed the lowest prevalence (18.9%), followed by sedentary (21.7%) and nomadic (31.2%) herds (P < 0.001). The outcomes of this study highlight the importance of implementing management interventions to curtail T. gondii infection among animals within the Khyber Pak-htunkhwa province of Pakistan. Such measures hold the potential to reduce associated public health risks and enhance the profitability of farmers.
Relation:	Veterinary Parasitology- Regional Studies And Reports, v.47, Article 100979
Appears in Collections:	[Dept. of Cosmetic Science and institute of cosmetic science] Periodical Articles

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