Molecular Detection of Rickettsia hoogstraalii in Hyalomma anatolicum and Haemaphysalis sulcata: Updated Knowledge on the Epidemiology of Tick-Borne Rickettsia hoogstraalii

doi:10.3390/vetsci10100605

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Title:	Molecular Detection of Rickettsia hoogstraalii in Hyalomma anatolicum and Haemaphysalis sulcata: Updated Knowledge on the Epidemiology of Tick-Borne Rickettsia hoogstraalii
Authors:	Aneela, Aneela Almutairi, Mashal M. Alouffi, Abdulaziz Ahmed, Haroon Tanaka, Tetsuya Vaz, Itabajara da Silva Chang, Shun-Chung Chen, Chien-Chin Ali, Abid
Contributors:	Abdul Wali Khan Univ Mardan, Dept Zool King Saud Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol King Abdulaziz City Sci & Technol COMSATS Univ Islamabad CUI, Dept Biosci, Pk Rd Kagoshima Univ, Joint Fac Vet Med, Lab Infect Dis Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Ctr Biotecnol Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Fac Vet Ditmanson Med Fdn Chia Yi Christian Hosp, Dept Emergency Med Ditmanson Med Fdn Chia Yi Christian Hosp, Dept Pathol Chia Nan Univ Pharm & Sci, Dept Cosmet Sci Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Rong Hsing Res Ctr Translat Med, PhD Program Translat Med Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Biosci & Biotechnol, Dept Biotechnol & Bioind Sci
Keywords:	ticks Ixodidae Rickettsia hoogstraalii Pakistan
Date:	2023
Issue Date:	2024-12-25 11:03:44 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	MDPI
Abstract:	Ticks are hematophagous ectoparasites that transmit pathogens to animals and humans. Updated knowledge regarding the global epidemiology of tick-borne Rickettsia hoogstraalii is dispersed, and its molecular detection and genetic characterization are missing in Pakistan. The current study objectives were to molecularly detect and genetically characterize Rickettsia species, especially R. hoogstraalii, in hard ticks infesting livestock in Pakistan, and to provide updated knowledge regarding their global epidemiology. Ticks were collected from livestock, including goats, sheep, and cattle, in six districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Pakistan. Overall, 183 hosts were examined, of which 134 (73.2%), including goats (number = 39/54, 72.2%), sheep (23/40, 57.5%), and cattle (71/89, 80%) were infested by 823 ticks. The most prevalent tick species was Rhipicephalus microplus (number = 283, 34.3%), followed by Hyalomma anatolicum (223, 27.0%), Rhipicephalus turanicus (122, 14.8%), Haemaphysalis sulcata (104, 12.6%), Haemaphysalis montgomeryi (66, 8.0%), and Haemaphysalis bispinosa (25, 3.03%). A subset of 210 ticks was selected and screened for Rickettsia spp. using PCR-based amplification and subsequent sequencing of rickettsial gltA and ompB fragments. The overall occurrence rate of R. hoogstraalii was 4.3% (number = 9/210). The DNA of Rickettsia was detected in Hy. anatolicum (3/35, 8.5%) and Ha. sulcata (6/49, 12.2%). However, no rickettsial DNA was detected in Rh. microplus (35), Rh. turanicus (35), Ha. montgomeryi (42), and Ha. bispinosa (14). The gltA and ompB fragments showed 99-100% identity with R. hoogstraalii and clustered phylogenetically with the corresponding species from Pakistan, Italy, Georgia, and China. R. hoogstraalii was genetically characterized for the first time in Pakistan and Hy. anatolicum globally. Further studies should be encouraged to determine the role of ticks in the maintenance and transmission of R. hoogstraalii in different hosts.
Relation:	Veterinary Sciences, v.10, n.10, Article 605
Appears in Collections:	[Dept. of Cosmetic Science and institute of cosmetic science] Periodical Articles

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