The Crosstalk of Long Non-Coding RNA and MicroRNA in Castration-Resistant and Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer: Their Interaction and Clinical Importance

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Title:	The Crosstalk of Long Non-Coding RNA and MicroRNA in Castration-Resistant and Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer: Their Interaction and Clinical Importance
Authors:	Hu, Che-Yuan Wu, Kuan-Yu Lin, Tsung-Yen Chen, Chien-Chin
Contributors:	National Cheng Kung University National Cheng Kung University National Cheng Kung University Hospital National Cheng Kung University National Cheng Kung University Hospital Department of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science
Keywords:	epithelial-mesenchymal transition estro-siog guidelines androgen-receptor abiraterone acetate lineage plasticity survival analysis growth-factor double-blind progression metastasis
Date:	2022
Issue Date:	2023-12-11 14:00:03 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	MDPI
Abstract:	Prostate cancer is featured by its heterogeneous nature, which indicates a different prognosis. Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a hallmark of the treatment-refractory stage, and the median survival of patients is only within two years. Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is an aggressive variant that arises from de novo presentation of small cell carcinoma or treatment-related transformation with a median survival of 1-2 years from the time of diagnosis. The epigenetic regulators, such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), have been proven involved in multiple pathologic mechanisms of CRPC and NEPC. LncRNAs can act as competing endogenous RNAs to sponge miRNAs that would inhibit the expression of their targets. After that, miRNAs interact with the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of target mRNAs to repress the step of translation. These interactions may modulate gene expression and influence cancer development and progression. Otherwise, epigenetic regulators and genetic mutation also promote neuroendocrine differentiation and cancer stem-like cell formation. This step may induce neuroendocrine prostate cancer development. This review aims to provide an integrated, synthesized overview under current evidence to elucidate the crosstalk of lncRNAs with miRNAs and their influence on castration resistance or neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer. Notably, we also discuss the mechanisms of lncRNA-miRNA interaction in androgen receptor-independent prostate cancer, such as growth factors, oncogenic signaling pathways, cell cycle dysregulation, and cytokines or other transmembrane proteins. Conclusively, we underscore the potential of these communications as potential therapeutic targets in the future.
Relation:	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES, v.23, n.1, 392
Appears in Collections:	[Dept. of Cosmetic Science and institute of cosmetic science] Periodical Articles

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