二次煉鋁業熔煉程序於作業環境中細懸浮微粒之特性研究

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標題:	二次煉鋁業熔煉程序於作業環境中細懸浮微粒之特性研究 The Characteristics of fine Suspended Particles in the Working Area of the Secondary Aluminum Smelting Process 本研究以南部某二次煉鋁廠熔煉程序所產生之懸浮微粒進行之採樣與分析，以探討廠內之主要生產區與區外周邊造成污染貢獻之差異。本研究就製程於每月不同生產負荷所造成廠區逸散情形進行24小時連續採樣，採樣設備包括TSP Hi-Vol air Sampler、Personal Environmental Monitor及MOUDI。研究結果顯示，此二次煉鋁廠於工作日製程區熔煉區之週間總懸浮微粒(TSP)之日平均值介於1070~1200 g/m3，週間之日平均值為1100±70.1 g/m3。該廠區週間於週三的日平均濃度最高，而週五因為即將休息所投的料相對較少，故其濃度值較低。製程區之日總平均濃度為1082±201 g/m3，同時段之周界之日平均值為101±28.4 g/m3。若以休息日之採樣分析結果比較之，廠內製程區於休息日之日平均值為91.4 ±27.1 g/m3，而同時周界休息日平均值約為53.4±22.3 g/m3。製程熔煉區與及休息日之TSP濃度比值達11.9倍之多，顯示污染來源仍受鋁二次熔煉過程之粉塵逸散有關。工作日製程區PM2.5總平均值為441±107 g/m3，而同時製程區PM10總平均值為573±134g/m3。廠內製程區域PM2.5/PM10之平均濃度比值約為0.77±0.09，工作日周界之PM2.5總平均值為31.5±17.4 g/m3，而同時周界PM10總平均值為53.0±25.4 g/m3，而工作日周界之PM2.5/PM10濃度比值約為0.58±0.08，休息日製程區PM2.5總平均值為24.8±19.0 g/m3，而同時製程區PM10總平均值為47.4±g/m3，休息日製程區PM2.5/PM10之濃度比值約為0.48±0.23，由此亦可明顯判斷熔煉過程應排放較多PM2.5的機會相對高，在停工時PM2.5之空間濃度比例相對降低許多。在未設置污染防制設備的作業環境中，細微顆粒之採樣，有助於定性判斷主要粒狀物之污染排放源。本研究針對二次煉鋁廠熔煉區，由高溫爐製程區之粒徑分布趨勢非常相近且均呈現雙峰分布，粒徑高峰分別落在於0.18~0.56 m和3.2~10 m之間，製程區休息日落在於3.2~5.6 m，周界採樣區工作日落在於3.2~5.6 m，而除渣作業落在於3.2~18 m，該廠區從粒徑分布就能判斷是工作日或是除渣日。二次煉鋁排放粉塵中相對較高的濃度由大到小分別是鈉>鋁>鋅>鐵>鉀>鈦>銅。以所採集粉塵微粒金屬總分析元素100%為計，占其比例為鈉、鋁、鋅、鐵、鉀、鈦、銅分別占了34.3%、25.9%、12.9%、12.0%、6.86%、3.72%、1.07%，剩餘17種重金屬占了粉塵3.16%，顯示二次煉鋁粉塵排放粉塵以鈉、鋁、鋅、鐵為主要成分，可為二次煉鋁廠粉塵元素指標。 This study sampled and analyzed suspended particulates emitted from the smelting process of a secondary aluminum smelting plant in southern Taiwan to explore the difference between the contributions of the main processing area and surrounding region of the plant to the pollution. Each month, sampling was performed continuously for 24 hours during smelting processes of varying loads to examine dust emission from the plant. The instruments used for sampling were the TSP Hi-Vol air sampler, a personal environmental monitor, and the MOUDI impactor. The results revealed that the daily average total suspended particulate (TSP) concentration collected on weekdays was 1070–1200 g/m3 in the smelting area during work days, and the daily average TSP on weekdays was 1100 ± 70.1 g/m3. The highest daily average TSP was observed on Wednesdays, whereas the lowest daily average TSP was observed on Fridays, during which less materials were fed because the plant was about to be closed on the weekend. The daily average TSP of the processing area was 1082 ± 201 g/m3, whereas that of the surrounding region measured during the same period was 101 ± 28.4 g/m3. On rest days, the daily average TSP was 91.4 ±27.1 g/m3 in the processing area and 53.4±22.3 g/m3 in the surrounding region. The daily average TSP of the processing area during work days was 11.9 times that during rest days. This indicated that the pollution was contributed by dust emission during secondary aluminum smelting.The average total PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations of the processing area during work days were 441 ± 107 and 573 ± 134 g/m3, respectively;the ratio of average PM2.5 to average PM10 in the processing area was 0.77 ± 0.09. During work days, the average total PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations of the surrounding region on work days were 31.5 ± 17.4 and 53.0 ± 25.4 g/m3, respectively;the ratio of average PM2.5 to average PM10 was 0.58 ± 0.08. The average total PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations of the processing area during rest days were 24.8 ± 19.0 and 47.4 ± 11.5 g/m3, respectively;the ratio of average PM2.5 to average PM10 in the processing area was 0.48 ± 0.23. This indicated that a higher amount of PM2.5 was emitted during the smelting process;hence, the spatial concentration of PM2.5 was lower during the rest days than on the work days.Collecting particulate samples in working environments that are not installed with pollution control equipment facilitated the qualitative identification of main particulate emission sources. The particle size distribution graph of the processing area during work days showed a double-peak pattern, with the two peaks appearing close to each other at 0.18–0.56 and 3.2–10 m. The particle size peak of the processing area during rest days appeared at 3.2–5.6 m;that of the surrounding region during the work days appeared at 3.2–5.6 m;and that during the deslagging operation appeared at 3.2–18 m. Therefore, particle size distribution data can be used to quickly determine whether a sample is collected during a work or deslagging day.The heavy metal elements detected in the dust emitted from secondary aluminum smelting were, in descending order of proportion of total heavy metal concentration (100%), sodium(Na) (34.3%), aluminum(Al) (25.9%), zinc(Zn) (12.9%), iron(Fe) (12.0%), potassium(K) (6.86%), titanium(Ti) (3.72%), and copper(Cu) (1.07%). The remaining 3.16% was constituted by 17 heave metals. This indicated that the dust emitted from secondary aluminum smelting was mostly composed of sodium(Na), aluminum(Al), zinc(Zn), and iron(Fe). These elements can serve as characteristic elements of dust in secondary aluminum smelting plants.
作者:	林志儒
貢獻者:	環境工程與科學系米孝萱
關鍵字:	二次煉鋁製程細懸浮微粒粒徑分布 secondary aluminum processing fine suspended particulate particle size distribution
日期:	2020
上傳時間:	2022-10-21 10:33:01 (UTC+8)
關聯:	學年度：108， 126頁
顯示於類別:	[環境工程與科學系(所)] 博碩士論文

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