| 摘要: | 背景：護理人員工作業務很繁重，長期處於高壓力加上輪三班作息不正常的護理工作中，會引起護理人員身心疲累，於進行工作時產生心理與生理的壓力狀況、疲勞狀況將會影響到身心狀況。
目的：本研究旨在探討醫院護理人員身心狀況與職場壓力、職場疲勞之關係，藉問卷調查方法，了解不同背景變項護理人員在職場壓力、職場疲勞與身心狀況構面現況和差異情形，與探討相關性及分析影響身心狀況主要預測因子。
方法：本研究為橫斷性研究設計，用結構式問卷方法收集研究資料，本研究調查採便利抽樣方法，對南部某醫院護理人員進行問卷施測。共發出210份問卷，回收有效問卷201份，有效回收率95.71%。問卷內容為：個人基本資料、職場壓力量表、職場疲勞量表、身心狀況量表。以SPSS 22.0套裝軟體工具展開問卷處理及分析，以驗證各項研究假設。
結果：職場壓力與教育程度、服務單位、薪資待遇、工作職稱、工作平均時數和您的平均每日睡眠時間有顯著差異； 職場疲勞與婚姻狀況、服務單位、薪資待遇、工作平均時數和導致您受傷可能性有顯著差異； 身心狀況與婚姻狀況、服務單位、工作平均時數、和導致您受傷可能性有顯著差異。 「職場壓力」與「身心狀況」具有低度正相關。 「職場疲勞」與「身心狀況」具有高度負相關。 預測整體身心狀況及三個構面之重要影響因子： 整體身心狀況預測力以工作相關疲勞最佳，其次為工作過度投入和服務對象相關疲勞，有效解釋變異量為98.3%。 心理健康指數預測力以工作相關疲勞最佳，其次為工作控制和工作壓力，有效解釋變異量為56.2%。 活力指數預測力以工作相關疲勞最佳，其次為工作負荷和工作滿意度，有效解釋變異量為59%。 一般健康指數預測力以工作相關疲勞最佳，其次為工作控制和工作壓力，有效解釋變異量為39.9%。
結論：根據上述研究結果提供建議，改善職場上的壓力及疲勞，以提升護理人員身心健康狀況。
Background：The nursing personnel has heavy workloads. They are chronically working under a highly pressurized environment and their job requires them to work irregular shifts, which can cause physiological and psychological fatigue. The state of being psychologically and physiologically stressed, state of fatigue resulted from work can affect their physiological and psychological health conditions.
Aim：This study aims to investigate the relationship between the nursing personnel’s physiological and psychological health conditions, workplace stress and workplace fatigue. Through survey questionnaire, understand the differences of workplace stress in nursing personnel with differing background variables, investigate the correlation and analyze the main predictor that affects the physiological and psychological health conditions.
Method：This study uses the cross-sectional study design. The study uses a structured questionnaire method to gather research data. Using opportunity sampling method to recruit for participants from the nursing personnel at a hospital located in southern Taiwan. A total of 210 questionnaires were issued and 201 valid questionnaires were recovered, marking an effective recovery rate of 95.71%. The content of the survey includes: basic personal information, a workplace stress rating scale, a workplace fatigue rating scale, and a psychological and physiological health condition rating scale. Using the SPSS 22.0 application software tool to process and analyze the surveys in order to test the different hypotheses.
Results：The workplace stress experienced by an individual varies significantly depending on education level, service unit, salary, position, average working hours and the average time of sleep in a day. The workplace fatigue experienced by an individual varies significantly depending on marital status, service unit, salary, average working hours and the likelihood of sustaining an injury. An individual’s physiological and psychological health condition varies significantly depending on his/her marital status, service unit, average working hours and the likelihood of sustaining an injury.
There is a low positive correlation between workplace stress and an individual’s physical and mental condition; whereas workplace fatigue has a high negative correlation with an individual’s physical and mental condition. The important contributing factors involved in the prediction of the three aforementioned aspects, as well as the overall physical and mental condition are as follows:
The best predictor of the overall physiological and psychological health condition is work-related fatigue that effectively explains 98.3% of the variations, followed by the over-engagement in work and client-related fatigue. As for the psychological health index, the best predictor is work-related fatigue that effectively explains 56.2% of the variations, followed by task management and work-related stress. The best predictor of the vitality index is work-related stress that effectively explains the variations by 59%, followed by workload and job satisfaction. The best predictor for the normal health index is work-related fatigue that effectively explains variations by 39.9%, followed by task management and work-related stress.
Conclusion：Provides advices that are in accordance with the abovementioned research results. Hence, reducing workplace stress and fatigue to improve the nursing personnel’s physiological and psychological health conditions. |
