| 摘要: | 台灣南部地區在 2014 及 2015 年發生大規模登革熱本土性病例，施用化學殺蟲劑是一種快捷的防治策略，特別是處理境外移入登革熱病例或是緊急防治蚊子傳播爆發的流行病。但高頻率施用化學殺蟲劑，會使埃及斑蚊對合成除蟲菊劑產生抗藥性，因此定期更新追蹤台灣南部各地區埃及斑蚊對殺蟲劑的抗性程度是很重要的工作，可提供更準確的藥劑施用種類及劑量的參考資料。本實驗利用局部滴加法可準確判定合成除蟲菊殺蟲劑對埃及斑蚊成蟲接觸後的擊昏及致死效果，台灣南部地區埃及斑蚊野外品系對百滅寧（RR50, 9.51~9.16）、賽滅寧（RR50, 10.24~29.30）、第滅寧（RR50, 7.06~24.21）、亞滅寧（RR50, 1.82~10.31）及賽洛寧（RR50, 3.31~7.49），為低度到中度抗藥性程度。另外用 TaqMan® probe 可快速、準確且大量的分析各地區抗擊昏基因（Kdr）突變頻率，其中 V1023G 位點的突變頻率與埃及斑蚊對合成除蟲菊劑抗性比值的相關性較高（r2＝0.5861，P＝0.001，OR＝2.57），顯示 V1023G 的突變會影響埃及斑蚊對合成除蟲菊劑的抗藥性。在 D1794Y 及 F1565C 突變位點頻率與對合成除蟲菊劑抗性比值的相關性較低（P＞0.05）。
In southern Taiwan, large-scale local cases of dengue fever occurred in 2014 and 2015. The application of chemical pesticides is a rapid prevention and treatment strategy, especially for the imported cases of dengue fever or emergency prevention control of dengue fever outbreak. However, the high frequency of chemical pesticides will make the Aedes aegypti resistant to synthetic pyrethroids. Therefore, it is very important to regularly update the degree of Ae. aegypti resistat to insecticides in various areas of southern Taiwan and to provide more accurate rate application for insecticide control. In this experiment, the topical application method can accurately detected the knock down and lethal effect of the synthetic pyrethroid insecticides against Ae. aegypti adults. Field strains of Ae. aegypti adults exhibited a low to moderately level of resistance to Permethrin (RR50, 9.51~19.16), Cypermethrin (RR50, 10.24~29.30), Deltamethrin (RR50, 7.06~24.21), Alpha-cypermethrin (RR50, 1.82~10.31) and Lamada Cyhalothrin (RR50, 3.31~7.49). Using TaqMan® probe can quickly, accurately and quantitatively to analyze the frequency of knockdown resistance gene (Kdr) mutations in various regions. The frequency of the V1023G mutation site was highly correlated with the resistance ratio of the Ae. aegypti to the synthetic pyrethroids (r2=0.5861, P=0.001, OR=2.57). The correlation between the frequency of the D1794Y and F1565C mutation sites and the resistance to pyrethroids resistance was lower (P>0.05). |
