| 摘要: | 陳永華是明鄭王朝掌舵手，輔佐鄭氏祖孫三代，勤勉任事，有「世子文臣第一」、「明鄭諸葛」等美譽。陳永華為何能以一蕞爾之地力抗地大物博的清廷？背後有何堅定思想支持著他？頗令人欲一探究竟。
當時台灣官制、孔廟、社學都出自他手，開荒撫番充實糧餉、對外拓展國貿、許民自由貿易以盈府庫；對內推展民生建設，人民得以豐衣足食、安居樂業，其功厥偉。陳永華乃儒生出身，受儒家忠孝仁義薰陶，為人忠款、進退合宜，又受其父陳鼎「捨身取義」、「盡忠為國」感召，後投鄭成功建請北伐江南、東取臺灣，奠定鄭成功開臺聖王地位，亦深受鄭成功春秋大義影響，承襲其愛民如子之政風，為政以寬。佐鄭經在臺治理近二十年，落實南明實學，臺成樂土，明祚也得以在海東再延續二十餘年。
本文用文獻分析及資料歸納、詮釋等方法，以《論語》及《台灣文獻叢刊》諸書為本來探討永華治臺措施所體現的《論語》政治思想。綜觀永華治臺政策實有諸多襲承孔子的政治思想：永華在台推行政制不僭越禮制，俾名正言順；舉辦廟學合一的取士制度並任賢使能，使主上能效堯舜無為而治；用學校施禮樂以教化人民，使近悅遠來；推行仁政，以寬得眾、以敏從事，使人民養生喪死無憾。明鄭在其主政下，夜不閉戶，地無遊民，以是大治。體現《論語》政治思想，可見「半部論語可以治國」不假！
As a pillar in MingZheng era, Chen Yong-hua is reputed to have been the dominant “Shiziwenchen” and “Mingzheng’s ZhugeLiang”, showing great diligence assisting Zheng’s three heirs. This paper intends to explore what sort of belief supports him to utilize this regional place to resist Qing Dynasty, which controls most lands.
Chen Yong-hua is credited for the development of government, the opening of Confucian Temple and Chinese language schools, in addition to promotion of Chinese socio-culture along with further expansion of farmland into south and east, majoring trade occurred across seas and in land, ensuring increasing food production capabilities, and the establishment of infrastructures. This island became more economically self-sufficient with most official government affairs passed to Chen. Being a sage of Confucian liturgy, Chen immersed himself in four virtues as loyalty, filial piety, benevolence and righteousness; while inheriting a spirit of Yi from his father, Chen Ding, Chen took shelter under Koxinga and advised his using military force to attack south-east China and to capture Dutch Formosa; while this further emphasized Koxinga’s status as King of Tungning. Under a strong influence of Koxinga’s Chunqiu dayi, Chen Yonghua had his service under Zheng Jing for more than twenty years to administer affairs with humanity, implemented Nangming Shi Xue and developed the island into a fertile land, resulting in Ming’s twenty years stability in east coast China.
This paper introduces a document-based analysis, data induction and a metadata-based approach, using a compiled representative corpus such as the Confucian Analects and the Archives of Taiwan History for exploring the political thoughts of Confucian Analects behind Chen Yonghua’s governance approach in Taiwan.
The Confucian political thoughts revealed in Chen’s approach saw the establishment of policies as obedience proper rites, absolute justifiable grounds, developing “the institutions of the Confucian civil service exams coinciding with the implemented Confucian education system” aims to an inaction hierarchy structure, opening schools implementing Confucian education system in land, in addition to application in people-oriented thoughts in politics. The island are thus self-sufficient with Chen’s concerted effort; while an incline in safety and security are also obvious, as well as having none homeless population. In that the political philosophy presented in the Analects of Confucian is exhibited, which as a further, falls into a favour of the government. |
