| 摘要: | 吸菸是造成疾病負擔之重要危險因子，亦是造成許多疾病死亡的影響因素，為公共衛生上嚴重且迫切的健康議題。臺灣每年約有25000名吸菸者死於吸菸，近3,000名非吸菸者死於二手菸害，平均不到20分鐘就有1人因菸害而失去生命。因此本研究以嘉義市成年民眾為對象，探討菸品價格、個人變項、吸菸狀況及其他相關因素對戒菸意圖之影響。
本研究以「計畫行為理論」為基礎，建立研究概念架構並進行問卷調查。有效問卷計1,136份，結果顯示女性、已婚、教育程度較高者，在菸害知識、態度、知覺行為控制及行為意圖之得分均較高，但在主觀規範與菸品價格上無差異。從未吸菸者在菸害知識、態度、主觀規範、行為控制、行為意圖與戒菸行為得分皆高於吸菸或曾嘗試吸菸者。菸害知識、態度、主觀規範、知覺行為控制、菸品價格及行為意圖對戒菸行為有顯著的正向影響。態度、行為意圖與行為之R2各為0.290、0.577與0.655。顯示本研究模型整體解釋力達到65%，可以有效預測並解釋戒菸行為。
整體而言，提高菸品價格對民眾的戒菸意圖有正向影響，可促進戒菸的行為。強化嘉義市成年民眾的菸害知識可促進戒菸態度；而提升民眾的戒菸態度、強化主觀規範與知覺行為控制均能增加戒菸意圖，進而促進民眾的戒菸行為。本研究有助於中央主管機關及衛生單位研擬菸害防制策略，建議可調高菸稅及健康福利捐的方式，制定長遠且必要的菸稅政策，將有效抑制並減少吸菸人口成長。
Smoking is an important risk factor of diseases. It is also a key factor resulted in death of diseases. Smoking becomes a serious and urgent health issue in public health. In Taiwan, about 25,000 smokers died from smoking and nearly 3,000 non-smokers died from second-hand smoke each year. In average, one person lost his/her life due to smoking in less than 20 minutes. The theory of planned behavior is used to predict the impact of cigarette prices, personal variables, smoking status and other relevant factors on smoking cessation intention of the perspective of adult people in Chiayi City.
A total of 1,136 valid questionnaires were collected. Results showed that women, married, and high-educated, get higher scores on smoking knowledge, attitudes, perceived behavioral control and behavioral intention, but there was no difference in subjective norms and smoking prices in personal variables. Non-smokers had higher scores in smoking knowledge, attitudes, subjective norms, behavioral control, behavioral intention, and smoking cessation behavior than smokers or those who tried to smoke. Consistent with the theory, knowledge, attitudes, subjective norms, perceptual behavior control, cigarette prices and behavioral intention could well predict smoking cessation behavior, and R2 of attitude, behavioral intention and behavior are 0.290, 0.577 and 0.655 respectively. The overall predictive ability of model reached 65% for smoking cessation behavior.
In summary, raising cigarette price had a positive effect on people's intention to quit smoking, and can promote the behavior of smoking cessation. To reenforce the tobacco products knowledge of adults in Chiayi City can promote smoking cessation attitude. Enhancing people’s attitude, subjective norms and perceptual behavior control could increase smoking cessation intention, and thus promote cessation behavior. The study results will help the central competent authority and the local health centers to develop a smoke prevention strategy. Intervention should focus on increasing adults’ perceptions of tobacco products knowledge and attitude. A long-term tobacco tax policy would effectively increase smokers' motivation to quit. |
