| 摘要: | 隨著醫療科技的進步與生活水準的提高，我國平均餘命的持續延長，使得人口老化速度加速，整體人口組成、家庭結構、生活模式、社會型態也隨之改變。由於老人照顧服務需求日趨增加，近幾年來社區積極推動「社區照顧關懷據點」，以提升社區照顧與支持功能，透過健康促進活動的教導與交流，使得社區長者能健康地又安心地在自己熟悉的地方生活。彈力帶健身操活動目前常被應用於社區的健康促進活動，以協助高齡長者增進肌力與肌耐力，並預防及延緩衰弱老人失能與失智，為瞭解社區健康促進活動的推展效果與參與長者體適能改善之情形，本研究主要目的為探討銀髮彈力帶健身操活動介入後社區長者的體適能、獨立生活、活動力、營養、牙口、社會退縮、失智與憂鬱情形是否有顯著之改善。
本研究以某南部社區關懷據點的銀髮族長者為主要研究對象，配合政府長期照護十年計畫2.0之課程推動為期3個月的彈力帶健身操活動，課程介入每週一次，每次兩小時，以介入前、後均有參與的25筆資料進行分析。資料收集後，分別以敘述統計、Wilcoxon Signed Ranked Test無母數統計分析方法，探討各項體適能在課程介入前與介入後之差異，並以McNemar分析評獨立生活、活動力、營養、牙口、社會退縮、失智與憂鬱情形有無顯著改善。
分析結果發現受試者以女性居多（76.0%），平均年齡為79歲，教育程度以國小畢業居多（56%）。彈力帶健身操活動課程介入後，在各項體適能中，以坐姿體前彎項目（下肢柔軟度）有顯著的改善（p=0.023），其餘體適能項目並無顯著差異。活動介入後，社區長者之體適能、獨立生活、活動力、營養、牙口、社會退縮、失智與憂鬱情形亦無顯著變化。雖然測驗資料數據尚未達顯著差異，但經由深度質性訪談，長者們表示身體肌力與柔軟度增加、記憶力持續保持、胃口變好、心情較為愉悅，也較喜歡參加團體活動。
建議活動介入時間可以增長，且應結合多元化的資源，鼓勵長者互動與參與，才能達到延緩長者失智與失能的功能，增進社區銀髮長者的生活品質。
With the progress of medical technology and the improvement of living standard, the life expectancy of our country continues to prolong, which makes the population aging speed accelerate, and the whole population composition, family structure, life style and social pattern also change. As the demand for care services for the elderly is increasing, the community care center has actively promoted to enhance community care and support, so that elderly people can live comfortably and confidently in their familiar places. Elastic band exercise programs are currently used in community health promotion activities to assist elderly people to enhance their muscle strength and muscle endurance, and to prevent and delay the disability and dementia. In order to investigate the effect of the elastic band exercise program and the improvement of the elderly physical fitness. The main purpose of this study was to explore effects of physical fitness functions, independent life ability, activity, nutrition, oral cavity, social withdraw, memory and depression of the elderly in a community caring concern center after the implementation of an elastic band program.
Subjects of this study were the elderly of a community care center in southern Taiwan. The elastic band exercise program cooperated with the government long-term Care ten-year Program 2.0 was implemented. The curriculum was a 3-month weekly course intervention, two hours each time. 25 cases collected before and after the program were analyze. After data collection, descriptive statistics was used to describe characteristics of subjects, Wilcoxon Signed Ranked Test was used to compare differences of body fitness functions before and after the program intervention. McNemar test was used to analyze and evaluate differences of independent life ability, activity, nutrition, oral cavity, social withdraw, memory and depression of the elderly.
Results showed that subjects were mostly female (76%), the average age was 79 years old, and mostly elementary school graduated (56%). After the intervention of the elastic band exercise program, lower limb softness of the elderly had a significant improvement (p=0.023), the other body fitness functions had no significant differences. After the intervention, there were no significant changes in independent life ability, activity, nutrition, oral cavity, social withdraw, memory and depression of the elderly. Although most data had no significant differences after the intervention, but through interviews, elders expressed that the body muscle strength and softness increased, memory retention increased, appetite was better, mood is more pleasant, and more like to participate in group activities.
We suggest that the program intervention time can be increased, and should be combined with diversified resources to encourage the interaction and participation of the elderly in order to delay the dementia and disability, and enhance the quality of the elderly life in the community. |
