氨氣為畜產養殖、有機堆肥、廚餘、工業和民生廢水的主要臭味成分。氨氣不僅是具有臭味的化學物質，也會危害環境與人體健康。一般常將氨氣溶於水中，再利用微生物予以處理。處理設備包括滴濾池、活性碳和厭氧/缺氧/好氧（Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic，A2O）汙水處理系統等。在微生物的利用上，常利用氨氧化菌（ammonia-oxidizing bacteria，AOB）與亞硝酸氧化菌（nitrite-oxidizing bacteria，NOB）進行硝化作用，將水中的氨轉化成硝酸；再運用脫氮菌在厭氧的環境下進行脫硝作用，將硝酸轉換成氮氣，排放至大自然。然而此類處理方法往往效果不彰，微生物的處理效率未能達到最佳化是主要的原因之一。本研究的目的是在有機堆肥場的氨氣處理設備現場收集與篩選除氨效率高的菌種，以解決業界現場氨氣濃度過高所產生的危害。本研究從有機雞糞堆肥廠的生物滴濾塔之水樣與其周邊土壤中分離出 79 株菌株，進一步篩選銨分解能力高的菌種，結果發現一些菌株在定組成基礎培養基中可有效移除氯化銨與氫氧化銨，然而這些菌株在 LB 培養基中卻毫無除銨的能力。本研究從其中挑選兩株較具潛力的菌株，發現添加葡萄糖與糖蜜可提高菌株於定組成基礎培養基中的除銨效率；以有機堆肥場生物滴濾塔的水樣予以測試，此兩株菌也都顯示除銨的能力。在此，本研究分離出有潛力的銨分解微生物，可協助解決有機堆肥場產生之氨氣的危害問題。 Ammonia is the main odor component of animal husbandry, organic compost, kitchen waste, industrial and people's raw water. Ammonia is not only a stinky chemical, but also causes harm to the environment and human health. Generally, ammonia is dissolved in water and treated with microorganisms. Treatment equipments include trickling filter method, activated carbon method and Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic （A2O） sewage treatment system. In the use of microorganisms, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria （AOB） and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria （NOB） are often used for nitrification to convert ammonia in water to nitric acid. The denitrifying bacteria are then used to perform denitrification in an anaerobic environment. Nitric acid is converted to nitrogen and discharged to nature. However, such treatment methods are often ineffective, and one of the main reasons is that the treatment efficiency of microorganisms has not been optimized. The purpose of this study was to collect and screen species with high ammonia removal efficiency from the ammonia treatment plant of organic composting sites to solve the problem of high ammonia concentration in the industry. 79 strains were isolated from the water samples and the surrounding soil in a bio-trickling filter tower of an organic chicken fertilizer factory and screened for the bacteria possessing efficient ammonium-degrading ability. Some bacteria showed high efficiency of removing ammonium chloride and ammonium hydroxide in defined basal medium, however, they did not remove ammonium from LB medium. Two bacterium strains were selected and showed high ammonium-removal efficiency with addition of glucose and molasses into defined basal medium. These strains also reduced ammonium nitrogen in the wastewater samples of the bio-trickling filter tower. Here, we showed potential ammonium-degrading bacteria that may help to solve the problem of ammonia produced from the organic fertilizer factory.
