| 摘要: | 背景與目的：2009年度起3歲至國小入學前之幼兒已納入公費接種對象，2016年接種率不到七成，2017年秋，三價公費流感疫苗預測失準，造成2018年初B型流感大流行，衛福部考慮將公費流感疫苗從三價升級為四價，保護力涵蓋更廣，可降低與流行病毒株不吻合的風險，本研究為在2018年流感疫苗尚未開打前，探討幼兒家長對其子女接種四價流感疫苗意願之相關因素。研究方法：本研究對象為南部某行政區幼兒園家長，發放問卷計 520份，有效問卷共計 435份，回收率為 83.7%，問卷資料以SPSSfor Windows22.0進行資料統計分析，探討家長對其子女接種四價流感疫苗意願之影響因子。
研究結果：在流感罹患性認知與嚴重性認知構面，有近六成家長不認為他的子女是高危險群及孩子感染流感會造成嚴重病情；障礙性認知構面，有超過四成家長認為疫苗效果並非百分之一百，高達六成五家長覺得流感疫苗的安全性仍無法令人放心。接種疫苗的障礙性認知構面，公立學校的受測家長其對疫苗的安全性關注與擔憂顯著高於私立學校；母親的教育為專科或大學者其對疫苗的安全性關注與擔憂顯著高於教育程度為高中/職的母親；母親的教育程度為專科或大學組以及碩博士者其讓子女接種疫苗的意願顯著高過於國中以下；已婚和單親組其接種疫苗之安全性的擔憂顯著高過於其他組；自我效能對接種意願構面正向影響力最大，而由醫護人員提供家長行動線索，有助於提升家長的自我效能，進而提高其讓子女接種流感疫苗的意願。
結論與建議：本研究結果顯示家長對幼兒是流感高危險群與流感對幼兒健康影響的嚴重性認知不足，對流感疫苗的安全性及有效性有擔憂。家長的自我效能是影響其是否讓子女接種疫苗最大的因素，而醫護人員提供疫苗的相關衛教，可消除家長對疫苗接種的疑慮，提高家長的自我效能，進而提升家長讓3 歲至國小入學前之幼兒接種流感疫苗的意願，如此才能提高流感疫苗的接種率，讓公費流感疫苗接種的公共政策能具體落實，真正達到防疫的成效。
Background and purpose: Since 2009, children between the ages of 3 to an elementary school before admission have been enrolled in the public-funded vaccination. The vaccination rate in 2016 is less than 70%. In the autumn of 2017, the trivalent public fee influenza vaccine is predicted to be inaccurate, resulting in influenza B in early 2018. The Ministry of Health and Welfare considers upgrading the public flu vaccine from trivalent to quaternary, with broader protection and reducing the risk of non-conformity with the epidemic strain. This study is to explore the influence factors of parents' willingness to vaccinate their children with tetravalent influenza vaccine before the 2018 flu vaccine has been announced.
Research method: This study is for parents of kindergartens in a southern Taiwan’s administrative district, and 520 copies of questionnaires are distributed. The total number of valid questionnaires is 435, and the recovery rate is 83.7%. The questionnaire data was analyzed by SPSS for Windows 22.0, and to explore the influence factors of parents' willingness to vaccinate their children with tetravalent influenza vaccine.
The results of the study: In the aspect of influenza episodes of cognitive cognition and severity, nearly 60% of the parents do not think that their children are at high risk and that children infected with flu can cause serious illness; In the aspect of obstacle cognitive, more than 40% of parents believe that vaccine’s effect is not 100%, and up to 65% of parents feel that the safety of the flu vaccine is still not reassuring. In the aspect of vaccinated barrier cognitive, parents in public schools have significantly higher concerns and concerns about vaccine safety than private schools; It shows that for safety concerns of vaccines, mothers who have college degree are significantly higher than those of high school’s degree; For the willingness to vaccinate their children, mothers who owned a Master or Ph.D. degree is significantly higher than those mothers who was graduated from junior high school; For the safety of vaccination concern, the married and single-parent groups is significantly higher than in other groups (children separated by parents, not living with their parents, and parents are not sure whether their parents have divorced.) Self-efficacy has the greatest positive influence on vaccination intentions.
Conclusions and recommendations: Self-efficacy is the biggest influencing factor. Only through various ways of action clues can improve parents’ confidence in the safety and effectiveness of their children's vaccination against tetravalent influenza vaccines, so that parents can eliminate doubts about vaccination and improve self-efficacy. Parents have higher self-efficacy, lower vaccination barriers, and stronger situational feelings have a positive influence on their children's willingness to vaccinate with tetravalent influenza vaccines. This will increase the vaccination rate of influenza vaccines. Public policies can be concretely implemented to truly achieve the effectiveness of epidemic prevention. |
