Enhancement of microbial 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene transformation with increased toxicity by exogenous nutrient amendment

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenc.2016.12.012

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Title:	Enhancement of microbial 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene transformation with increased toxicity by exogenous nutrient amendment
Authors:	Liang, Shih-Hsiung Hsu, Duen-Wei Lin, Chia-Ying Kao, Chih-Ming Huang, Da-Ji Chien, Chih-Ching Chen, Ssu-Ching Tsai, Isheng Jason Chen, Chien-Cheng
Contributors:	Natl Kaohsiung Normal Univ, Dept Biotechnol Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Inst Environm Engn Chia Nan Univ Pharm & Sci, Dept Environm Resources Management Yuan Ze Univ, Grad Sch Biotechnol & Bioengn Natl Cent Univ, Dept Life Sci Acad Sinica, Biodivers Res Ctr
Keywords:	2;4;6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) Transformation Bioremediation Cometabolism Nitroreductase Toxicity
Date:	2017-04
Issue Date:	2018-11-30 15:50:55 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science
Abstract:	In this study, the bacterial strain Citrobacter youngae strain E4 was isolated from 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) contaminated soil and used to assess the capacity of TNT transformation with/without exogenous nutrient amendments. C. youngae E4 poorly degraded TNT without an exogenous amino nitrogen source, whereas the addition of an amino nitrogen source considerably increased the efficacy of TNT transformation in a dose dependent manner. The enhanced TNT transformation of C. youngae E4 was mediated by increased cell growth and up-regulation of TNT nitroreductases, including NemA, NfsA and NfsB. This result indicates that the increase in TNT transformation by C. youngae E4 via nitrogen nutrient stimulation is a cometabolism process. Consistently, TNT transformation was effectively enhanced when C. youngae E4 was subjected to a TNT contaminated soil slurry in the presence of an exogenous amino nitrogen amendment. Thus, effective enhancement of TNT transformation via the coordinated inoculation of the nutrient-responsive C. youngae E4 and an exogenous nitrogen amendment might be applicable for the remediation of TNT-contaminated soil. Although the TNT transformation was significantly enhanced by C. youngae E4 in concert with biostimulation, the 96-h LC50 value of the TNT transformation product mixture on the aquatic invertebrate Tigriopus japonicas was higher than the LC50 value of TNT alone. Our results suggest that exogenous nutrient amendment can enhance microbial TNT transformation; however, additional detoxification processes may be needed due to the increased toxicity after reduced TNT transformation.
Relation:	Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, v.138, pp.39-46
Appears in Collections:	[Dept. of Environmental Resources Management] Periodical Articles

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