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| 標題: | Emission characteristics of carboxylates in PM2.5 from incense burning with the effect of light on acetate |
| 作者: | Kuo, Su-Ching
Tsai, Ying I.
Sopajaree, Khajornsak |
| 貢獻者: | Chia Nan Univ Pharm & Sci, Dept Med Chem
Chiang Mai Univ, Dept Environm Engn
Chia Nan Univ Pharm & Sci, Dept Environm Engn & Sci
Chia Nan Univ Pharm & Sci, Indoor Air Qual Res & Serv Ctr |
| 關鍵字: | Incense burning
Indoor air quality
Emission factors
Carboxylates
Irritant substances
chinese |
| 日期: | 2016-08 |
| 上傳時間: | 2018-01-18 11:38:09 (UTC+8) |
| 出版者: | Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd |
| 摘要: | Incense burning produces potentially harmful particulate matter. In this study we investigated the emissions of PM2.5 and gaseous acetic acid from four brands of traditional incense; Liao and Shang Lao Shan (SLS), sold in Taiwan, and Thai Yellow (Thai Y) and Thai Black (Thai B), sold in Thailand. Additionally, photochemical reactions of PM2.5 carboxylates emitted from incense burning were studied via a simulated light experiment. The average PM2.5 mass emission factor of each incense type was inversely correlated with the ash production of that incense. The Thailand incense carboxylate emissions were markedly higher than the Taiwan incense. Acetate accounted for 87.46% of total carboxylate emissions, with acetate emitted from the Thailand incense 1:26 times higher than from the Taiwan incense. Phthalate was detected in the PM2.5, indicating the presence of plasticizer. Concentrations of PM2.5 acetate, formate, pyruvate, glutarate, succinate, fumarate and tartarate were reduced in simulated light (51.5%-97.1% of those under dark), indicating that these seven types of carboxylate are easily photo degradable. In contrast, malonate, maleate, oxalate and phthalate concentrations in light were 1.17-1.84 times higher than in darkness, indicating photochemical reactions contribute to the formation of these species. The formation of the low-molecular weight dicarboxylates oxalate and malonate was most noticeable. Acetic acid, highly irritating to the respiratory system and skin, was present at high levels for all four incense types, as shown by the gaseous acetic acid/PM2.5 acetate ratios of 1.03-3.61. Burning incense indoors can generate high concentrations of PM2.5 acetate that increases the risks of respiratory and contact irritation, particularly when burning the Thailand incense. Moreover, burning incense in poorly ventilated, dimly lit indoor areas (e.g., temples and homes) can markedly increase the risk of irritation because the gaseous acetic acid is not degraded as it would be in light. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
| 關聯: | Atmospheric Environment, v.138, pp.125-134 |
| 顯示於類別: | [環境工程與科學系(所)] 期刊論文
[食藥產業暨檢測科技系(含五專)] 期刊論文
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