| 摘要: | 工作價值觀是影響每個人對工作所抱持看法與態度的重要因素，有鑑於兩岸交流活動也擴及到醫療市場交流，海峽兩岸將近四十餘年的隔離，造成雙方在文化、意識型態、政治經濟制度等因素產生工作價值觀明顯的差異，故充分瞭解與掌握兩岸員工之工作價值與工作態度之關聯，並留住人才加以培育，是護理主管首要工作之一。本研究目的在瞭解某企業醫院兩岸臨床護理人員工作價值觀差異及相關影響，調查所得資料以 SPSS 統計軟體進行描述性統計、獨立樣本 t 檢定、單因子變異數分析以及 Pearson 相關分析。
研究結果顯示：
一、兩院區護理人員價值觀：
兩院區護理人員整體工作價值觀經統計結果無顯著差異，但內在價值觀及附帶價值觀構面上具有顯著差異。台灣院區護理人員其整體工作價值觀的平均得分為 2.92 (SD=0.29)，在主觀感受上較偏好依序為附帶價值(護理組織結構的特性)、外在價值(護理職業特性)及內在價值(護理組織任務特性)；大陸院區護理人員工作價值觀的平均得分為 2.91 (SD=0.31)，偏好依序為內在價值(護理組織任務特性)、附帶價值(護理組織結構的特性)及外在價值(護理職業特性)，兩岸在十三個構面中得分要項最高及最低皆相同，得分最高為「堅毅及能力」、得分最低為「發展性」。
二、兩岸護理人員的個人屬性差異對工作價值觀有影響：
兩岸護理人員影響工作價值觀因素有所不同，台灣院區影響因素有：年齡、年資、就業動機、護理喜愛程度及組織滿意度；大陸院區方面為：教育程度、就業動機、喜愛護理程度及組織滿意等因素，顯示出兩岸不同屬性護理人員對工作價值觀有所差異。資料分析發現，台灣院區：護理人員年齡及年資長者價值觀高於年輕者、就業動機志願者價值觀高於其他就業動機、喜愛護理及組織滿意度越高價值觀越高；大陸院區：護理人員教育程度低者價值觀高於教育程度高者，就業動機志願者價值觀高於其他就業動機、喜愛護理及組織滿意度越高價值觀相對越高。
三、兩岸護理人員工作價值觀三構面關聯性：
發現兩岸院區護理人員工作價值觀，於內在價值(護理組織任務)、附帶價值(護理結構特性)、外在價值(護理職業特性)三間皆呈現正向相關。透過關聯分析發現，台灣院區護理人員價值觀構面間屬低、中度關聯相關，大陸院區屬中、高度關聯相關。由本研究結果可以了解兩岸護理人員工作價值觀其內在價值(護理組織任務特性)、附帶價值(護理組織結構的特性)及外在價值(護理職業的特性)越能密切的結合，則其護理專業社會化的程度也會越佳，護理人員的養成教育上也越接近適才適任的理想。故在帶領兩岸護理人員時，應先了解護理人員的特質與其工作價值觀(護理組織任務特性)，並在其護理專業社會化(護理職業特性)的過程中，能以雙向互動的過程來瞭解角色的期盼，投以護理人員在角色接受的過程中得到清晰的角色概念，進而在學術專業的發展角色不會發生衝突矛盾，也能滿足醫療機構組織(護理組織結構特性)的期待與要求。期待這個研究結果可以提供未來在護理管理、護理教育、臨床工作及研究的參考。
Work values are an important factor affecting our viewpoint and attitude towards work. The isolation between Taiwan and Mainland China for nearly 40 years has resulted in significant differences in culture, ideology, politics, and economy. With the increasing of exchanges across the Taiwan Strait, including medical market, fully understanding of the employees’ work value is one of the essential works of the nursing director.The aim of this study is to evaluate the differences and the affecting factors of the work values of clinical care workers in a hospital group, which has branches in both sides of the Taiwan Strait. The data were analyzed by SPSS software, using independent sample t test, single factor variance analysis, and Pearson correlation analiysis.
The results show that:
1. The differences of work values between two districts across the Taiwan Strait:
There is no significant difference in the overall work values of nursing staff between the two districts. However, there are significant differences the intrinsic values and the added values. The average score of the overall work value of the nursing staff in Taiwan is 2.92 (SD = 0.29). The top 3 preferences are: value of the subjective feelings (the characteristics of the nursing organization structure), the external value (nursing occupational characteristics) and the intrinsic value (nursing organization and task characteristics). The average score of the overall work value of the nursing staff in Mainland China is 2.91 (SD = 0.31). The top 3 preferences are: the intrinsic value (nursing organization task characteristic), the incidental value (the characteristics of the nursing organization structure) and the external value (nursing of occupational characteristics). Among the 13 constructs, the highest and the lowest ones are the same between the two districts, with "perseverance and ability" the highest, and "development" the lowest.
2. Factors affecting work values between the two districts:
There are differences of the factors affecting the work values between the two districts. The significant affecting factors in Taiwan area are: age and seniority, motivation, and the degree of satisfaction by nursing work and organization. The data show that the work values get higher with the age and seniority, the motivation, and the degree of satisfaction by nursing work and organizational. The significant affecting factors in Mainland area are: level of education, motivation, and the degree of satisfaction by nursing work and organization. It is found that there is negative correlation trend between level of education and work value. It is the same with the data in Taiwan district that the one with higher motivation and higher degree of satisfaction by nursing work and organizational has higher work value.
3. The association among the three aspects of work values:
It is found in both two districts that there are positive correlations among the three aspects (the intrinsic value = nursing organization task, the incidental value = nursing structure characteristic, the external value = nursing occupational characteristics) of the work values. However, the correlation coefficients are higher in Mainland area than in Taiwan.
From the results of this study, we can understand further about each aspect of work values and the differences between the two districts across the Taiwan Strait. When a leader leading his/her nursing staff, either in Taiwan or Mainland China, it is better to understand the characters and the work values of each member by interactive communication in order to develop the on-the-job training program for the staff to improve their ability both in clinical practice and in adapting to the hospital. We hope this study may provide some value in nursing management, nursing education, clinical nursing, and further nursing study. |
