| 摘要: | 人工濕地植栽移除物的產量隨濕地增加而成長，部份學者進行人工濕地植栽移處物堆肥化可行性之研究，然效果成效不彰，推測為植栽移除物中之木質纖維素含量高而不易被微生物水解所致，且堆肥化產物亦有磷含量成分未符堆肥產品品質規範之問題。因此，本研究採取嘉南藥理大學人工濕地植栽移除之蘆葦，藉由不同條件之氫氧化鈉浸漬前處理、磷酸中和處理，探討不同控制條件之氫氧化鈉前處理及磷酸中和後對促進人工濕地植栽移除物堆肥化反應及提昇產品含磷量之可行性。
研究結果發現人工濕地植栽移除物蘆葦經不同氫氧化鈉濃度(1N、3N、5N)及不同浸漬反應時間(1、6、24)小時前處理後皆可破壞蘆葦中之木質纖維素，其中半纖維素被有效水解現象，可增加堆肥過程含纖維素物質生物分解的反應面積，進而促進堆肥化反應之進行。另外，纖維素及木質素之含量也有明顯降低。此外，以磷酸中和處理氫氧化鈉溶液浸漬後之蘆葦，能有效縮短鹼前處理後蘆葦中和至中性之時間，並增加蘆葦之含磷量，提昇堆肥產品品質。而各組蘆葦堆肥成品各項物理化學特性分析結果及其變動範圍如下：pH介於7.87～9.23之間；水分含量介於53～60%之間；碳氮比介於11～16之間；有機質20～27%之間；氮、磷、鉀含量分別為2.11～3.26%、0.56～1.15%、0.41～0.60%之間，發現除因水分含量略高，使有機質低於雜項堆肥規範外，其餘皆符合農委會雜項堆肥之標準。本研究證實利用酸鹼浸漬前處理可促進人工濕地植栽移除物之堆肥化成效且磷酸中和鹼浸漬後蘆葦可縮短中和時間並增加堆肥化產品之含磷量。此外，A組試驗操作參數(1N氫氧化鈉、1hr浸漬時間及固液比1Kg/15L)為兼顧經濟及有效性之酸鹼前處理提昇人工濕地植栽移除物堆肥化反應之操作參數。
The amount of botanical wastes from constructed wetlands increases rapidly. Therefore, related researchers studied the composting feasibility of artificial wetland botanical waste but in vain.
It was proposed that the content of lignocellulose in the botanical waste is high, and isn’t easily decomposed by microbial hydrolysis. Furthmore, the characteristics of composting products from the botanical waste also are not compatible with the compost product quality specification. For example, the phosphorus content is low. Consequently, in this study the reed of botanical waste from constructed wetland located in Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science was collected and pretreated by soaked in different concentration of sodium hydroxide with 1-24 hour, and then immediately neutralized by phosphate acid. The optimum parameters to promote the composting feasibility of botanical waste and increase the phosphorus content of the products were evaulated.It was found in this study that the botanical waste-reed pretreated with different concentrations of sodium hydroxide(1N、3N、5N) and different dipping reaction time (1, 6, 24 hour) could destroy the lignocellulose in reed. Because the hemicellulose is hydrolyzed effectively, the reaction surface of the cellulose material increased and then promoted the biodegradation rate in composting process. In addition, cellulose and lignin content also significantly reduced. The neutralization with phosphoric acid instead of tap water for the reed treated with sodium hydroxide solution can effectively shorten the time to neutral, and increase the phosphorus content of the reed, improving the quality of composting products. The ranges of physical and chemical analysis of reed composted products in each group is as follows:pH is between 7.87 ~ 9.23; the moisture content ranged from 53 to 60; the ratio of carbon to nitrogen is between 11 and 16; organic material 20～27%; nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents were 2.11 ~ 3.26%, 0.56 ~ 1.15%, 0.41 ~ 0.60%. It was found that because the moisture content is slightly higher, so that the organic matter is lower than the miscellaneous composting standard. The other contents are in line with the COA Miscellaneous composting standards. In addition, group A test with operating parameters (1 N NaOH, 1 hr soaking time and Solid-liquid ratio 1Kg/ 15 L) was proposed to be the optimum for the economic and the effectiveness considerations. |
