| 摘要: | 現以溫泉資源逐漸打出名號的龜丹溫泉區，曾是1898年方大戆舉兵抗日的主要活動區域；這支游擊武力以其熟悉地形地物的在地優勢，神出鬼沒造成日警與日軍嚴重傷亡，直到1902年方大戆被捕遇害，日方始除去其心頭大患；後人在方大戆位於放弄(現今放壙坪)的游擊基地尋獲「抗日旗地」石碑，見證當年龜丹地區的抗日歷史。唯日方所不知的是，方大戆的手下在1902年並未全被捕獲，其殘部江定在1915年噍吧哖事件重現江湖，號召各地鄉勇再次組織抗日游擊隊，憑藉其豐富的實戰經驗，成為余清芳所倚恃的主要游擊武力。江定率部攻打各地日警派出所、駐在所，造成日警、眷屬與平民的傷亡，震撼臺灣總督府，最終仍在日軍出動山砲火力支援的優勢武力下兵敗虎頭山，其時潰敗的抗日游擊隊大都逃往虎頭山後，經由龜丹放弄的昔日抗日旗地逃往深山。龜丹地區的民眾也因曾接濟支援游擊武力，受此抗日事件的牽連成為日人報復屠殺的修羅場域。
位於前述抗日根據地的龜丹，溫泉資源其實在日治時期即已發現，唯其所處地理位置較為偏遠，加上歷次抗日事件帶給日人與地方民眾的陰影，在鄰近的關子嶺溫泉蓬勃發展成為台灣四大溫泉之一後，龜丹的溫泉資源始終未獲青睞，成為台灣各溫泉區中開發甚晚的璞玉。近年以來，隨著關子嶺溫泉水源逐漸枯竭，遊客流失。龜丹溫泉在當地業者賴金瑞胼手胝足一步一腳印的開發之下，開始建立一定的經濟規模，除了溫泉浴場的軟硬體設施以外，更以當地為日治初期以至於噍吧哖事件等多起抗日事件的古戰場，溫泉源頭更位於日軍傷亡慘重的棺材堀一帶，而規劃出具有豐富歷史文化背景的主題導覽路徑。公部門亦規劃了龜丹溫泉體驗池，並在玉井糖廠舊址設立噍吧哖事件紀念園區，開闢接駁公車路線，進一步推動龜丹溫泉未來的發展。
本研究針對龜丹溫泉「抗日旗地」的來龍去脈深入探討，藉由1898年方大戆事件與1915年噍吧哖事件建構的文化觀光資源，強化龜丹溫泉在文化觀光面向的文化深度，發掘在地的文化特質，重新加以詮釋包裝；期能運用文化路徑的概念，擘劃龜丹溫泉區抗日史蹟文化觀光之未來發展。
Gui Dan Hot Spring area which is gradually becoming famous for hot spring resources was Fang Da Chuang's main activities of the regional Anti-Japanese in 1898. This guerrilla force with its familiar local terrain advantages caused serious injury or death of the Japanese police and military force. Fang Da Chuang had not been arrested to death until 1902 and then, Japan started to remove their big concern. The descendants found " Anti-Japanese Gi De "stone in Fang Da Chuang's guerrilla base located in Fang Nong (now Fang Guang Ping), witnessing the Anti-Japanese history of Gui Dan region. The Japanese only did not know that not all of Fang Da Chuang's men had been captured in 1902. Its remnants, Jiang Ding, came back on Jiao Ba Nian Incident in 1915, calling around the guerrilla organization again. With its wealth of practical experience, it has became the main guerrilla force of Yu Qing Fang. Jiang Ding led his troops to attack the Japanese police stations, police, which caused casualties Japanese police, civilians and dependents and it shook Taiwan Governor. Finally, they were defeated by the advantage force of Japanese mountain artillery fire support. After the defeat, mostly Anti-Japanese guerrillas fled to Hutoushan, getting through the Gui Dan Fang Nong former Anti-Japanese fleeing to the mountains. Because the people of Gui Dan area had supported the guerrilla force, the spot was implicated by the Anti-Japanese Incident and became the killing field out of Japanese revenge.Gui Dan is located in the aforementioned Japanese Base and its hot springs, in fact, were already found during the Japanese colonial period. Not only in the more remote geographical location but also coupled with previous Anti-Japanese Incidents bringing the shadow the Japanese and local people, Gui Dan Hot Springs have not been favored since neighboring Guanziling Hot Springs flourished to become one of Taiwan's four major hot springs. It developed very late and becomes the diamond in the rough among the hot spring areas in Taiwan. In recent years, along with Guanziling Hot Springs' gradual depletion of water sources, they are losing the tourists. Under the local hot springs businessman Lai Jinrui's toiled development in Gui Dan step by step, they began to establish certain economic scale. In addition to the spa facilities of hardware and software, the local area are regarded as the Anti-Japanese ancient battlefield from the initial Japanese colonial period to Jiao Ba Nian Incident and other Incidents. Hot springs' source is located in Guan Cai Ku of Japanese casualties and the navigation path relating to the rich historical and cultural background is drawn. The public sector is also planning a Gui Dan Hot Springs' experience pool, setting up Jiao Ba Nian memorial park in Yu Jing Sugar Factory, opening shuttle bus routes to further promote the future development of the Gui Dan Hot Springs. In this study, the ins and outs of Gui Dan Hot Springs' "Anti-Japanese Gi De" are looked into deeply. By Fang Da Chuang Incident of 1898 and Jiao Ba Nian Incident of 1915, the cultural tourism resources of Jiao Ba Nian is constructed, Gui Dan Hot Springs' cultural depth of tourism-oriented is strengthened and the local cultural characteristics are explored in order for the re-interpretation of packaging. The concept of cultural route is able to be used and the future Anti-Japanese Gui Dan Hot Springs' historical sites and cultural tourism development are mapped out. |
