| 摘要: | 隨著時代進步與科技的日新月異，現代人在室內活動的時間也越來越長，室內空氣品質的好壞，對人體健康及生活品質的影響也就越來越不容忽視，尤其是揮發性有機物 (VOCs)。本研究依據中華民國環境保護署環境檢驗所公告之空氣中揮發性有機化合物檢測方法-不銹鋼採樣筒 ／ 氣相層析質譜儀法 (NIEA A715) 進行採樣分析。樣本總數為 170 家公私場所，並分為 10 類俾便研析，分別分析 98 種化合物，其中二甲苯為鄰-二甲苯與間對-二甲苯之總和。研究結果顯示各場所室內空氣中 TVOC(包含：十二種揮發性有機物之總和) ，平均濃度排序依序如下，鐵路運輸業車站、醫療機構、大專校院(圖書館)、政府機關辦公場所、圖書館、民用航空運輸業航空站、商場、社會福利機構所在場所、展覽室、大眾捷運系統運輸業車站。98 種揮發性有機化合物中，平均濃度前十大排序為 甲醇、丙酮、甲苯、一氯二氟甲烷、異戊烷、丙烷、二甲苯、2-丁酮、正丁烷及正戊烷。法規管制 VOCs (12項) 平均濃度排序為 甲苯、二甲苯、二氯甲烷、苯、乙苯、苯乙烯、氯仿、1,4-二氯苯、四氯化碳、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯、1,2-二氯苯，其中 (三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯、1,2-二氯苯等三種化合物 )在本研究中未發現。170 家場所中，TVOC 法規管制項目出現頻率排序分別為 甲苯、二氯甲烷、苯、二甲苯、乙苯、苯乙烯、氯仿、1,4-二氯苯、四氯化碳、其餘三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯、1,2-二氯苯於調查過程中均未出現，由數據顯示超過半數場所出現的污染物為甲苯、二氯甲烷、苯、二甲苯、乙苯 等五項。第一批公告場所之 10 種類別，除大眾捷運系統運輸業車站外，其餘濃度最高之污染物皆為 甲苯，第二、三高之污染物多為二甲苯與二氯甲烷。法規管制外前十大化合物分別為 甲醇、丙酮、一氯二氟甲烷、異戊烷、丙烷、2-丁酮、正丁烷、正戊烷、正己烷及2-甲基戊烷。170 家場所中，驗出VOCs法規管制項目以外之前十大揮發性有機化合物頻率分別為 2-甲基戊烷、丙酮、丙烷、2-丁酮、甲醇、異戊烷、一氯二氟甲烷、正戊烷、正己烷及正丁烷，由數據顯示超過半數場所出現的污染物為 2-甲基戊烷、丙酮、丙烷、2-丁酮、甲醇、異戊烷、一氯二氟甲烷、正戊烷及正己烷等九項。彙整各場所建議納入標準之污染物:苯、1,2,4-三甲基苯、丙烯醛、1,3-丁二烯、1,2二氯乙烷、丙烯?、1,4-二氯苯、氯乙烯、四氯化碳，可納入標準之污染物: 1,2,3-三甲基苯、1,3,5-三甲基苯，建議刪除標準之污染物:三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯、1,2-二氯苯，可刪除標準之污染物:甲苯、二甲苯、二氯甲烷、乙苯、苯乙烯、氯仿。本研究結果將可做為未來法規管制項目修訂之參考依據、進而降低對人體健康之危害。
With the rapid progress of modern technology, people spend longer time than before to stay indoors; therefore, the impact of indoor air quality, especially of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs), to human’s health cannot be neglected. This study examines the species of indoor VOCs with the method NIEA A715 - the testing of volatile organic compounds - stainless steel sampling can / gas chromatography mass spectrometry method, in order to estimate the regulatory control of current indoor air quality and to provide the information for the future amendment.The total number 170 of private and public indoor areas, divided into 10 categories, have been sampled indoor air and analyzed 98 species of VOCs (xylene including the o-xylene, p-xylene, and m-xylene). The result shows according to the average concentrations of total VOCs (TVOC, the total of twelve VOCs) of the 10 categories areas, the areas are sorted, from the highest to the lowest, as follows, railway stations, medical institutions, college and university library, government office, public library, airports, shopping malls, social welfare institutions, exhibition halls, and metropolitan rapid transportation (MRT) stations. Among the 98 VOCs species, the top ten highest average concentrations are methanol, acetone, toluene, chlorodifluoromethane, iso-pentane, propane, xylene, 2-butanone, n-butane, and n-pentane.The twelve regulated VOCs species from the 170 sampling areas, based on their average concentrations, are sorted from the highest to the lowest as follows, toluene, xylene, dichloromethane, benzene, ethylbenzene, styrene, chloroform, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and 1,2-dichlorobenzene, wherein trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene are not found. The most frequent detected species of the twelve regulated VOCs species, are toluene, dichloromethane, benzene, xylene, ethylbenzene, styrene, chloroform, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, carbon tetrachloride. Three species, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, are not found. Five regulated species detected from more than 50% of the 170 sampling areas are toluene, dichloromethane, benzene, xylene, and ethylbenzene. Within the 10 category areas, the average concentration of toluene is the highest among other VOCs species, with the exception of MRT stations. The second and the third highest concentration VOCs species are xylene and dichloromethane, respectively.The top ten highest average concentrations of the non-regulated VOCs species from the 170 sampling areas are as follows, methanol, acetone, chlorodifluoromethane, iso-pentane, propane, 2-butanone, n-butane, n-pentane, n-hexane, and 2-methyl pentane. The top ten most frequent detected non-regulated VOCs species are 2-methyl-pentane, acetone, propane, 2-butanone, methanol, iso-pentane, chlorodifluoromethane, n-pentane, n-hexane, and n-butane. Nine non-regulated species detected from more than 50% of the 170 sampling areas are 2-methylpentane, acetone, propane, 2-butanone, methanol, iso-pentane, a chlorodifluoromethane, n-hexane, and n-pentane.Each aggregate place recommendations into pollutant standards: benzene, 1,2,4-trimethyl benzene, acrolein, 1,3-butadiene, 1,2-dichloroethane, acrylonitrile, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, vinyl chloride, and carbon tetrachloride, can be incorporated pollutant standards: 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, suggested deleting pollutant standards: trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, can remove the contaminant standards: toluene, xylene, dichloromethane, ethylbenzene, styrene, and chloroform.The results of this study provide the information for the amendment of current indoor air regulation; and then through the precise control to reduce the hazard of indoor air pollution to human health. |
