| 摘要: | 摘要卓越永續的安全文化乃為各鋼鐵廠職業安全衛生管理所追求的終極目標，當傳統工程技術或機械設備問題導致的工安事故逐漸改善?低後，推動安全衛生管理活動所扮演的角色?顯得重要，亦為提升安全文化關鍵要素。本研究旨在探討強化安全衛生管理與提升安全文化之關係，以個案鋼鐵公司生產部門之主管與員工為對象，利用結構式問卷進行安全文化評量，分為主管安全領導、員工安全行為、人員安全態度、組織安全管理和脈絡情境安全五個構面共十二個安全文化要素；評估量表之項目分析標準，採用Cronbach's α係數分析法，做為量表題目汰選的依據，而量表係數值均達0.7以上，表示具有良好的信效度。2013年7月間先進行前測問卷調查主管與員工對於安全文化之認知，施測樣本總共發出300份，扣除廢卷有效回收數為295份，整體有效回收率為98.66%；分析結果顯示，組織安全獎懲、作業環境安全和組織安全訓練三個安全文化要素為弱項，故隨後進而研擬推動建立產線設備安全指示燈、主管動態安全觀察、主動式績效指標、自辦安全衛生在職教育訓練、廠場區域聯防和消防無預警測試評鑑等活動進行改善。2014年10月間再進行後測問卷調查，施測樣本總共發出300份，扣除廢卷有效回收數為296份，整體的有效回收率為98.67%。將前、後測結果進行分析比較後發現，針對前一年安全文化評估的弱項，於後續推動六項強化安全衛生管理活動後，確實皆有顯著提升；兩者再經積差分析與迴歸分析，亦顯示具有高度相關，可證其關係密切。推動強化安全衛生管理活動中，則以「主管動態安全觀察」、「自辦在職教育訓練」和「建立產線設備安全指示燈」最具提升安全文化之效用。
AbstractTo achieve an excellent and sustainable safety culture is the ultimate goal for safety and health management of all steel corporations. As the workplace injury cases are getting less due to the improvement of safety engineering technology and machinery design, further improving safety record has become difficult by traditional safety management methodology. From previous study, safety and health related activities have drawn the attention of safety personnel and also play important roles of enhancing organizational safety cluture. This research discussed the relations between safety and health related activities and safety culture inside the organization, a steel company was chosen as research sample target. Structural questionaire was designed for safety culture survey, and both managers and workers ofproduction section in the targeted steel company were chosen to answer the questionaires. Research constructs of safety culture combined 5 sections, including managerial safety leadership, workers safety behavior, personnel safety attitiude, organizational safety management and contextual safety. The five sections were further divided into twelve safety factors. Reliability criterial for the questionaires results was verified by Cronbach's alpha indicator, and the indictors for each question were all greater than 0.7, that showed reliable indication for the questionaires.First research study was surveyed in July 2013 as pre-study for safety culture of the target company, 300 samples were distributed, and received 295 ( 98.66%) valid answers. The analysis results of the pre-study survey indicated the target steel company had three weak constucts of safety culture, that were (1)safety displine and incentive, (2)workplace safety and (3)safety training. The targeted steel company later implemented six safety related activities, including (1)install production line safety warning lamp, (2)management personnel dynamic safety obervation, (3)proactive safety indication score, (4)peer safety training progam, (5)collaborative workplace hazard observation and (6)fire drill without pre-warning, to improve its safety performance. Second research survey was carried out in October 2014 by the same research qusetionaires for the same targeted sample group, 300 samples were distributed, and 296 (98.76%) valid answers were received. Comparing the analysis results between the first and second research samples, we found the safety culture scores of the three weak constructs in first survey for the targeted steel company was significantly improved in the second survey after implementation of the six safety related activities. And further statistic analysis by variance analysis and regression analysis, indicating significant relationships between safety culture evaluation scores and safety related activities evaluation scores, that informed us the targeted steel company has implemented useful and valuable safety related activites. Among the six activities, (1)management personnel dynamic safety obervation, (2)peer safety training progam (3)install production line safety warning lamp were the three most important activities from regression analysis study results. |
