| 摘要: | 老化為全球人口發展趨勢，探討高齡者生活習慣與養生觀對高齡保健與實施方針有其必要性。本研究針對中南部特定團體之65-89歲高齡者，採結構式訪談法，分析其人口變項、養生觀與健康促進生活型態之關聯。本研究採用自製問卷，以結構式訪談法針對30位來自不同團體的高齡者進行訪談調查，分析其人口變項、養生觀與健康促進生活型態之間的關聯性影響。結果顯示，(1)養生觀次數分配調查，養生資訊廣受電視(62%)影響，運動為主要養生方式(52%)，其中自覺年紀到(45%)與身體病痛(31%)為養生起始主因，而養生場所以公園(47%)和住家(43%)最受歡迎，主要原因是場所方便性(37%)；(2)健康促進生活型態次數分配調查，有運動習慣(93%)，天天都會運動(46%)最多，且以健走(46%)為主。有較正面的健康責任行為，包括：會自行就醫 (46%)、有定期健康檢查 (56%)、主動蒐集健康資訊(56%)、主動關心自我健康(87%)及主動分享健康資訊(60%)之。飲食習慣為定時吃三餐(100%)、餐食量以7-8分飽(60%)、每天吃水果蔬菜(73%)，餐食特性以清淡少油(30%)為主。自覺平時沒有壓力者最多(56%)，且會自己處理壓力(83%)。經常和家人或親戚保持良好的人際互動關係(100%)，整體生活表示滿意 (53%)；(3)構面交叉分析結果顯示，罹病者的養生主要動機為「身體病痛」、罹病者和口腔咀嚼能力受損有相關連性、吃7-8分飽比餐餐吃到飽對預防慢性病發生有相關聯性，且罹病率較低。分析罹病者的養生動機，主要為「身體病痛」，故每天吃蔬菜水果與補充特定營養習慣者較未罹病者多25%，但每日飲水量較少(差異性達19%)，顯示和其口腔咀嚼能力受損有相關連性。研究結論表示，有特定養生方式者其健康責任、運動習慣與飲食習慣有較積極正向之表現，且罹病與否和養生觀及健康促進生活型態有相關聯性。
Aging is the trend among global population, and thus the exploration of the living habits and wellness concepts of the elderly is necessary for elderly care and the implementation of policy. In this study, the elderly people aged from 65 to 89 years old from certain groups in the south-central Taiwan were taken as the research subjects, and structured interviews were adopted to analyze the association among population variables, wellness concepts and health promoting lifestyles. To be specific, in this study, structured interviews with self-made questionnaires were conducted on 30 elderly people from different groups in order to analyze the association among population variables, wellness concepts and health promoting lifestyles.The results showed that in the survey of (1) the frequency distribution of wellness concepts, the health information of the participants was significantly affected by television (62%). Exercise was the main health approach (52%), and the main reasons they started to engage in health maintenance were the consciousness of their age (45%) and physical pain (31%). Parks (47%) and self-homes (43%) were the most popular health maintenance places mainly for the convenience of the places (37%). In the survey of (2) the frequency distribution of health promoting lifestyles, having exercise habits (93%) and doing exercise every day (46%) accounted for the majority, in which walking (46%) was the main exercise approach. The participants had a more positive health-responsibility behavior, including: actively seeking medical care (46%), taking periodic health examinations (56%), actively collecting health information (56%), actively taking care of their own health (87%) and actively sharing health information (60%). The eating habits were mostly regular meals (100%), 70-80% full at every meal (60%), eating fruits and vegetables every day (73%), and light meals with less oil (30%). Most of the participants consciously believed they had no pressure (56%) and they could deal with pressure on their own (83%). They usually kept good interpersonal relations with family members or relatives (100%) and were overall satisfied with their life (53%). (3) The results of cross-dimensional analysis showed that “physical pain” was the main motivation for the ill participants to engage in health maintenance; ill participants were associated with an impaired chewing ability; compared to totally full at every meal, 70-80% full was associated with the prevention of chronic diseases and lower morbidity.The analysis showed that the main motivation for the ill participants to engage in health maintenance was “physical pain”. Compared to non-ill participants, 25% more ill participants had the habit of eating fruits, vegetables and specific nutritional supplements every day; however, they tended to drink less water (19% difference), indicating an association with the impaired chewing ability. This study concludes that people with certain health maintenance approaches show a more positive performance in their health responsibility, exercise habits and eating habits, and their illness has an association with their wellness concepts and health promoting lifestyles. |
