| 摘要: | 罹患近視在台灣的國小學童是普遍的問題，依據2015年衛生福利部國民健康署的調查，國小一年級學童的近視盛行率為21.5%，國小六年級的學童近視盛行率則高達65.8%。由於近視產生之後會依一定速度進行，愈早產生近視，近視度數增加愈快，且日後越易形成高度近視，進而造成眼睛神經病變。本論文主要調查國小學童之食物攝取狀況與其罹患近視之相關性。研究之調查對象為台南市某國小四年級的學童，針對食物攝取狀況分成主食類、豆魚肉蛋及奶類、油炸及油脂與堅果種子類、蔬菜類、水果類以及營養補充品以進行調查分析。問卷施測後回收之有效問卷為220份（87.6%），無效問卷為31份（12.4%），回收之問卷經信度分析之整體Cronbach’s α值為0.86。研究結果顯示：（1）學童罹患近視與其母親也罹患近視呈現正相關（r=0.154），（2）學童的視力程度與攝取牡蠣、深綠色蔬菜、綠花椰菜上呈現低度的負相關（r值分別為 -0.177、-0.135與-0.139）以及（3）營養補充品以維生素C對改善學童罹患近視有幫助。故由本研究可歸結出學童的近視程度與是否攝取牡蠣、深綠色蔬菜和綠花椰菜呈現相關。
The eye disease with suffering from myopia is a common problem for children who are studying in the elementary school in Taiwan. According to the survey done in 2015 by the Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, the prevalence of myopia was 21.5% for the first-grade elementary school students, and it increased to a high level of 65.8% for the sixth-grade elementary school students. The earlier children got the myopia, the sooner they will get worse since the deterioration rate of myopia continues with certain speed. Consequently, student’s vision is easily getting worse to become as high-degree myopia resulting in the occurrence of optic neuropathy. The thesis makes the investigation to study the relevance of food intake to myopia for the primary school students. The target of the investigation is focusing on the fourth-grade students of an elementary school in Tainan city. The food intake is classified as grains, protein foods (legumes, seafood, meats and eggs) and dairy, fries and oils & nuts, vegetables, fruits, and nutritional supplements. After completed the process of filling out the questionnaires by students and their parients, the total number of valid questionnaires is 220 (87.6%), whereas the total number of the invalid questionnaires is 31 (12.4%). The value of Cronbach's α of the questionnaires is 0.86 based on the analysis of valid questionnaires, and it displays that the validation of the questionnaires is acceptable. The results of the study show that: (1) Children suffering from myopia have a positive correlation (r = 0.154) with their mothers. (2) Children suffering from myopia have a low negative correlation with uptakes of oysters, dark green vegetables, and broccoli with r = -0.177, -0.135, and -0.139, respectively; (3) Intake of Vitamin C as nutritional supplements is helpful for mending children from the myopia. Consequently, the present study indicated that children with or without suffering from myopia are related to uptakes of oysters, dark green vegetables and broccoli. |
