| 摘要: | 2014年台灣地區一般廢棄物(都市垃圾)及一般事業廢棄物進入營運中之24座都市垃圾焚化廠之數量合計達642萬噸，焚化處理後衍生之飛灰因其中含過量重金屬及戴奧辛逾越有害事業廢棄物認定標準而具有害特性，需經固化或穩定化前處理後至低於有害事業廢棄物認定標準後方可進入衛生掩埋場進行分區獨立掩埋。因此本研究收集特定焚化廠衍生飛灰及飛灰穩定化物樣品進行三成分、元素分析、水溶性氯離子、硫酸根離子、有機氯、酸鹼值、XRF、重金屬總量、TCLP，物理化學特性及戴奧辛特徵分析，並探討焚化廠衍生飛灰及飛灰穩定化物中戴奧辛與其物理化學特性之關係，供垃圾焚化廠調整飛灰固化穩定化操作參數之參考。研究結果發現，焚化廠衍生飛灰及飛灰穩定化物中戴奧辛，於17種戴奧辛類化合物的總毒性當量主要貢獻前三分別為2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF、2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF、1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF。另外焚化廠衍生飛灰中硫含量與戴奧辛濃度有負相關，其焚化廠衍生飛灰戴奧辛濃度介於0~0.4時(ng I-TEQ)，其R2=0.9237，當硫含量越高時飛灰中戴奧辛濃度越低；而焚化廠衍生飛灰中硫酸根離子濃度與戴奧辛濃度有負相關，其焚化廠衍生飛灰戴奧辛濃度介於0~0.4(ng I-TEQ)時其R2=0.9534，當硫酸根離子濃度越高時飛灰中戴奧辛濃度越低。本研究所獲成果可提供各都市垃圾焚化廠作為快速篩選奧辛濃度較高之飛灰並藉由適度調整固化穩定化操作參數，以生產符合法規規範之飛灰固化穩定化產物。
In 2014, 642 million tons of municipal solid waste and industrial waste were collected and treated by 24 incineration plants in Taiwan. The derived fly ashes which usually contain excessive heavy metals and dioxins should be treated by stabilization and stabilization processes before final landfill disposal. Totally 52 samples of incineration plant derivatives fly ash and fly ash stabilization were collected and physical-chemical characteristics of water, ash, combustible, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, organic chlorine, water soluble chloride, sulfate, pH, total heavy metals were analyzed. Meanwhile, the dioxins species and toxicity equivalent quantity were determined. The correlation between dioxins and physical-chemical characteristics of incineration fly ash and its stabilized products from municipal solid waste incineration plants was discussed in this study It was found that, the predominant species of the dioxin toxicity equivalent quantity of fly ash and fly ash derived stabilized products is 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, 2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF, 1,2 , 3,6,7,8-HxCDF.In addition, it was found sulfur content of derived fly ash was negatively correlated with dioxin concentration. In the case of derived fly ash with dioxin concentrations between 0 - 0.4 (ng I-TEQ/g), the higher the sulfur content, the lower the dioxin concentration. The sulfate concentration of fly ash was found to be negatively correlated with dioxins concentration. In the case of fly ash with dioxins concentration between 0 - 0.4 (ng I-TEQ/g), the concentration of dioxins decreased with increasing concentration of sulfate in the fly ash. |
