| 摘要: | 小果油茶 (Camellia tenuifolia) 原生於台灣中低海拔山坡地的常綠小喬木，其種子油性質穩定、品質良好。除了種子可榨油具經濟價值外，果殼、種殼及苦茶粕均為廢棄物。為了增加小果油茶的經濟價值，本研究探討小果油茶的果殼、種殼及苦茶粕不同溶劑的萃取物對蘑菇酪胺酸酶 (mushroom tyrosinase) 之抑制作用，作為是否可用於醫藥和美白化妝品製造原料之初步研究。結果顯示不管是在單酚酶 (monophenolase) 或是雙酚酶 (diphenolase) 的活性測定，種殼乙醇萃取物的抑制效果最佳，其次是果殼乙醇萃取物，而苦茶粕萃取物則無抑制效果。種殼乙醇萃取物再以正己烷、甲醇、正丁醇及水進行逐步區分萃取，發現在單酚酶抑制活性方面，正丁醇區分和水區分效果相當，甲醇區分效果次之，正己烷區分則無抑制效果。雙酚酶抑制效果則是正丁醇區分最佳，水區分和甲醇區分效果相當，正己烷區分則無抑制效果。以雙倒數圖分析種殼乙醇、正丁醇、水區分萃取物抑制單酚酶活性之機轉，發現這些萃取物皆屬混合型抑制劑 (mixed type inhibitor)。種殼乙醇萃取物之抑制雙酚酶活性之機轉，也屬於混合型抑制劑。本研究結果顯示小果油茶種殼和果殼萃取物皆含有抑制酪胺酸酶的成分，由於種殼萃取物抑制效果優於果殼萃取物，因此種殼萃取物較具潛力作為醫藥和美白化妝品的製造原料，其主要活性化合物則值得做進一步研究。
Camellia (C) tenuifloria is an indigenous Camellia species used for the production of camellia oil in Taiwan. The fruit shell, seed shell, and seed pomace of C. tenuifolia are byproducts of the oil production and are always discarded or used as fertilizer. In order to increase the C. tenuifolia economic value, this study investigated the anti-tyrosinase activities of the fruit shell, seed shell and seed pomace from C. tenuifloria to test whether it has potential to be used in medicine, food processing or cosmetics. The results indicated that the crude ethanol extract of the seed shell (SE) had the strongest mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activities, followed by the fruit shell (FE), while seed pomace (PE) was the weakest. The FE and SE are further partition with n-hexane (FH, SH), methanol (FM, SM), butanol (FB, SB) and water (FA, SA). The IC50 values of crude extracts and fractions on monophenolase were smaller than diphenolase. For the fractions of fruit shell, the anti-monophenolase potency was in the order of FB > FA > FM, while the anti-diphenolase was FB > FM > FA. For the fractions of seed shell, the anti-monophenolase potency was in the order of SB ? SA > SM, while the anti-diphenolase was SB >SA ? SM; indicating that various kinds of anti-tyrosinase components might exist in seed shell. No detectable anti-tyrosinase activity could be found in the n-hexane fractions. Using the Lineweaver-Burk plot to analyse the inhibition mechanism of the extracts showed anti-tyrosinase activity, it was found that all of the extracts belong to mixed type inhibitors. Taking together, the various seed shell extracts have potential to be used in medicine and whitening cosmetic products. The active components of seed shell extracts need further investigation. |
