| 摘要: | 本研究以大鵬灣管理處2013年至2014年間每季之水質與生態監測數據，利用主成分分析法將不同參數間之相似性予以重整後簡化成較易於分類之參數，以了解大鵬灣水域生態與環境水質的關係。研究結果顯示，測站1的溫度與葉綠素a、總氮與硝酸鹽氮有顯著正相關（0.929、0.857）；測站2的透明度與葉綠素a、海水中總有機碳與懸浮固體、大腸桿菌群有顯著負相關（-0.843、-0.901、-0.905）。測站3的大腸桿菌群與磷酸鹽、總磷有顯著負相關（-0.878、-0.878）。硝酸鹽氮與總氮有顯著正相關（0.976）。其中主要環境變動潛在因素包括優養化、營養鹽、河川注入、有機物，及溶氧等因素，顯示此區水質以人為污染的影響為主。
就水域生態的調查結果來看，本研究場址之各測站均以軟體動物的數量最多，佔總個體數95%以上，其中數量最多的是鐵尖海蜷，其次為節肢動物。就調查期間的統計資料顯示，本研究場址之豐富度介於4.433~3.095，歧異度介於0.022~1.992，均勻度介於0.008~0.731，優勢度介於0.117~0.994。本研究經由水域水質資料主成分分析結果，可判別出影響環境的各種自然及人為干擾因素，再經由與生物群聚之個體數與歧異度進行相關性分析探討水域生態與環境水質的關係。其結果顯示，潛在變項溶氧與個體數的相關係數為0.756，顯著性已達0.05，反應溶氧高的水域，底棲生物的個數較多。
本次研究是藉由環境及生物資料的有效連結，瞭解大鵬灣及其附近海域生態的變動情形，以釐清生態系變動的原因。由於大鵬灣域屬特殊潟湖生態系統有別於其他開放海域，除了灣域周邊土地使用影響，尚有潮汐漲退潮挾帶周邊河川污染之情形，建議可持續蒐集相關可能影響環境之數據納入分析，藉以有效了解污染影響主因，加強污染防制措施降低生態影響。
The purpose of the study is to establish the correlation between aquatic communities of organisms and water quality in Dapeng Bay by using the principal component analysis method, in which similarities among different parameters were simplified and integrated for generating an easily classified parameter. Data on water quality and aquatic organisms collected quarterly by the Dapeng Bay National Scenic Area Administration from 2013 to 2014 were statistically analyzed in this study. The data were also obtained from 3 monitoring stations. In Station 1, significantly positive correlations were found between water temperature and chlorophyll a (r=0.929), and between total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen (r=0.857). In Station 2, highly negative correlations were noted between water transparency and chlorophyll a (r=-0.843), between total organic carbon (TOC) and suspended solids (r=-0.901), and between TOC and coliform bacteria (r=-0.905). In Station 3, coliforms were significantly and negatively correlated with phosphates (r=-0.878) and with phosphorous (r=-0.878), whereas nitrate nitrogen was significantly and positively correlated with total nitrogen (r=0.976). The main potential changes in environmental factors includes eutrophication, nutrients, river flow, organics, dissolved oxygen, suggesting that anthropogenic influences is the key factor of water pollution in this area. Results of aquatic organisms monitoring showed that mollusc is the predominant organism in all 3 stations, accounting for more than 95% of all species. The largest number is Cerithidea Djadjariensis and followed by Rthropod. The data collected during the study duration showed site richness ranged between 3.095 and 4.433, diversity ranged between 0.022 and 1.992, evenness ranged between 0.008 and 0.831, and dominance ranged between 0.117 and 0.994. Through use of Principal Component Analysis, this study determined the factors of environmental disturbances caused by natural and human activities. The relationship between communities of organisms and water quality were further analyzed and established by examining the number and the diversity of Biotic Community. The results shows the correlation coefficient of potential variables dissolved oxygen and the number of individuals is 0.756, the value of significance reaching 0.05, suggesting that water area with high dissolved oxygen could include more benthic organisms. This study effectively linked environmental and biological data to learn about the Dapeng Bay and the ecological changes occurring in its vicinity, thereby clarifying the source of changes in the ecosystem. Since the Dapeng Bay is a unique body of water with lagoon ecosystem that is different from other open water, in addition to land-use in the surrounding gulf regions, tidal circulation and pollutant input from rivers may impact the ecosystem. The study proposes to continue collecting data which affect the environment, so as to understand the main causes of pollution and strengthen pollution control measures to reduce the ecological impact. |
