| 摘要: | 液化石油氣是家庭、餐廳及工業上不可或缺的重要燃料之一，也是環保的綠色能源。LPG分裝場是進口或製造商與消費者之間的分裝加工業，現今國內大部份分裝場還是採用人工作業方式，但無論是人工作業或自動作業，LPG分裝場事故依舊存在。究其主因，大都因人員疏失所導致。液化石油氣因易燃、易爆特性，洩漏後會和空氣混合造成蒸氣雲(Vapor Cloud Explosion, VCE) 遇火源會導致爆炸，亦可能導致液體沸騰氣體膨脹爆炸(Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion, BLEVE)造成場區員工及周邊造成嚴重損害。依危險性工作場所審查暨檢查辦法，國內分裝場屬丙類危險性工作場所，規定每五年實施一次重新評估，在分裝場在缺乏專業評估人員下，危害評估方面委由技師簽證。分裝場在此情況下取得之審查核可，後續也無法針對相關作業進行風險管理。就風險管理角度而言，完成前半段之風險危害評估，卻無後續的實施、監測及改善，對於分裝場的安全無太多助益。本研究以台南市某分裝場為對象，利用文獻探討結合實地觀察分析，根據該LPG場所提供之危評結果，將高危害作業納入PDCA循環管理系統中制定作業標準程序、記錄表及對作業或既有之設施編制安全評估表，納入風險管理系統中，並持續提昇系統的安全及可靠性。本研究另使用後果分析軟體 ALOHA (Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres) 針對分裝場儲槽進?洩漏後果分析及風險評估，界定洩漏之影饗範圍，作為緊急應變規劃之參考。研究結果發現，將分裝場高危害作業納入PDCA循環管理系統中，可提高危害的辨識、加強人員風險認知及危機處置，除不會造成分裝場成本負擔及資源浪費，還能有效的管理。風險管理系統中記錄表、安全評估表及知識管理內容是管理系統能否持續改善之關鍵，加強系統的查核及改善並回饋至計劃的擬訂，有助於管理的可靠性。ALOHA模擬分析結果顯示，在不同受關心的燃燒程度（Flammable LOCs）下，夏季危害面積都較冬季大。在不同受關心的熱輻射程度（Thermal radiation LOCs)）下，冬季危害範圍都較夏季大。
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is one of the fuels with essential significance, which is used in houses, restaurants, and industries, and also is an eco-friendly green power. LPG repackaging company acts as filling processing between importers or manufacturers and customers and most local repackaging companies still use manual operation. LPG repackaging companies’ accidents still exist due to staff negligence. LPG is easily-flammable and easily-explosive when released. It would mix with air and cause Vapor Cloud Explosion (VCE) leads to explosions with heat source. It would also possibly lead to Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE) and cause severe damages to on-site staffs and its surroundings.As per Hazardous Work Place Review and Inspection Rules, LPG repackaging companies are classified as category C of work places and must be re-evaluated every five years as regulated. As repackaging companies are in lack of professional evaluation staffs, they are always authorized by professional engineers for risk assessment in this regard. Although the work places have passed the review, they are still unable to perform risk management for relevant procedures. With regard to risk management, there is no benefit from hazard evaluation without further practicing, monitoring, and improving.In this research, a LPG repackaging company in Tainan City was taken as a case study. Literature review, on-site observations, working standard procedures, recording charts, facilities’ safety evaluation charts based on hazardous evaluation results from LPG repackaging company were established followed by Plan-Do-Check-Act Cycle to assure the continuity of system security and reliability. This research also uses consequence profile reconstruction software ALOHA (Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres) and perform leakage consequence analysis and risk evaluation for tanks in LPG repackaging company as a reference to emergency solutions and planning.The research results show that the implementation of high hazardous operation of LPG repackaging company into PDCA cycling management system would continuously improve hazard identification, enhancement of risk perception, and crisis management. It helps effective management not only increase cost-effectiveness but also decreases resource waste in repackaging companies. Risk management system, which contains recording sheet, safety evaluation sheet, and knowledge management content, determines lasting improvement for management system. System verification enhancement, improvement, feedback, and the establishment of the plan also help reliability of the management. The results of the ALOHA-based consequence analysis of LPG show that the flammable threat area is greater in summer than that in winter for all flammable LOCs. However, the thermal radiation threat area is greater in winter than that in summer for all thermal radiation LOCs. |
