| 摘要: | 隨著世界各國城市形象營造，城市生態綠化面積不斷擴大，致庭園綠化衍生之廢棄物的數量也日益增加，已經成為城市垃圾中不容忽視的解決對象。此類庭園廢棄物(yard waste)是指在綠美化養護過程中，所產生的枯枝落葉、草坪修剪物、行道樹修剪物、雜草種子以及植物殘花等。依據我國行政院環保署101年全國垃圾焚化處理量6,404,987.5公噸估計，此類庭園廢棄物佔約有93,512.8公噸，若能改以堆肥化處理取代焚化，不僅省下處理費，更能促使廢棄物循環再利用，有效達成廢棄物減量及資源化應用的目的。本研究以庭園廢棄物為主要資材，分別以庭園中常見不同的植物性基質草屑及咖啡渣配比以進行堆肥化作業，於為期150天堆肥化過程中以自然戶外堆置方式進行好氧堆肥，探討其堆肥化過程的物理、化學、生物特性變化，結果發現在物理性指標，觀察堆肥經翻堆後溫度不再上升接近環境溫度、外觀看不出葉片完整形狀，顏色轉為深黑褐色並具有泥土腐植氣味等作為簡易判斷堆肥是否腐熟；在化學性指標，透過分析水分、pH值、碳氮比、導電度、有機質、有機碳等參數變化以瞭解堆肥化過程反應，並透過簡易腐熟評估指標及供試作物實際植栽試驗評估產品特性，期建立合適操作條件利於庭園廢棄物堆肥推廣與應用。本研究顯示以落葉廢棄物為碳源，在第四槽混合落葉Garden tree leaves、草屑Grass Clippings及咖啡渣Coffee grounds(簡稱GLT+GC+Cg)實驗組採1：1：1基質配比，因添加具有高氮源之草屑及咖啡渣二種基質，相較於僅以落葉為基質之實驗組具有最佳表現，各項腐熟堆肥之成分分析除C/N值略高及有機質含量略低外，餘各指標皆能符合我國農業委員會雜項堆肥品目規範。庭園廢棄物經堆肥化處理後確實能達廢棄物體積減少達88.9~91.2%，堆肥腐熟試驗種子發芽率(G)高於90%及種子發芽指數(GI) 也高達102%，實際用於作物栽種經27日試驗期其供試作物皆能正常生長，顯示有助於植物綠化之應用。本研究在操作成本最低及取材方便等條件下，同樣可提供作為土壤改良劑以活化土壤品質，營造優質生態效益。庭園廢棄物堆肥化應是繼廚餘廢棄物堆肥化再利用後，在我國值得推廣的有機廢棄物再利用選項，並可率先以綠化較為普及的校園或社區公園作為推廣對象，逐漸由點延伸至面，以提高我國廢棄物資源回收再利用比率。
With the city image around the world to create, urban ecology green area continues to expand, which causes the number of yard waste increasing, and has become part of the city garbage which can not be neglected. Such yard waste refers to the waste comes from the greening conservation process, such as fallen leaves, grass and street trees clipping, weed seeds, withered flowers and so on. According to the Environmental Protection Administration Executive Yuan R.O.C statistics in the year of 101, the total volume 6,404,987.5 tons of nationwide garbage incineration capacity is estimated that such yard waste accounts for up to approximately 93,512.8 tons. If such yard waste incineration can be replaced by composting, it can not only save processing costs, but also promoting better waste recycling, and successfully meet the objectives of waste reduction and resource reuse.In this study, yard waste is chosen as main study object, clippings from different common botanicals and coffee grounds were used as materials for composting study; in a period of 150 days composting process adopted by way of a natural outdoor stacking aerobic composting, to explore its physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the composting process changes. The results showed that re the physical indicators, the compost temperature does not rise close to the ambient temperature after turning, the complete leaf shape can no longer be seen, the color changes to a deep dark brown with a soil humus smell and has a simple compost which determine whether the composting is thoroughly decomposed. Re the chemistry indicators, through the analysis of moisture, pH value, carbon and nitrogen ratio, electrical conductivity, organic matter, organic carbon and other parameters to understand the changes of the composting process reaction. Through some simple maturity evaluation indicators and actual crop planting experiments, to evaluate the characteristics and establish the appropriate operating conditions conducive to the promotion and usage of yard waste composting.This study shows that deciduous waste as a carbon source, in the fourth slot mixed garden tree leaves, grass clippings and coffee grounds (referred to as GLT + GC + Cg) pro rata 1:1:1 as experimental group, with the adding of grass clippings and coffee grounds which provide high nitrogen, indicates better performance than only use fallen leaves. From the analysis of the various components of compost maturity, except C/N is slightly higher and organic matter is slightly lower, the remainder of the index are compliant with the miscellaneous compost rules made by Council of Agriculture Executive Yuan. Yard waste being composted can indeed reduce the volume of waste up to 88.9 ~ 91.2%, according to the experiment result, the germination rate (G) is greater than 90% and seed germination index (GI) reaches up to 102%; practically used for crops planting by duration of 27 days, the test crops is normal grows, which shows the good application in greenery use. This study, under advantageous conditions of the lowest operating cost and material conveniently, can also provide as a soil conditioner to activate the soil quality and to create high-quality ecological benefits.Following the re-use of kitchen waste composting, yard waste composting should be a recommended option of the organic waste recycling options in our country, and to start from popular objects such as campus and community parks greenery, gradually extending this concept and improve our waste recycling reuse rate. |
