| 摘要: | 紅藜(Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.)，為藜科、藜屬一年生草本的台灣特有種植物，分佈於台灣屏東三地門鄉、瑪家鄉、泰武鄉、來義鄉及春日鄉等地。為台灣原住民族使用百年以上的傳統糧食作物。而紅藜嫩葉近年來常被當作蔬菜食用，但有關食用安全性之研究資料甚少，故本試驗利用紅藜嫩葉不同溶劑萃取物進行安氏試驗（毒性試驗、致突變試驗、抗致突變試驗），並測定抗氧化能力（總抗氧化能力、清除DPPH自由基能力、還原力和亞鐵離子螯合能力）與抗氧化成分分析（總多酚類和總類黃酮化合物）。實驗結果顯示紅藜嫩葉水萃取物及50%乙醇萃取物在所選取的劑量範圍內，無論是否有添加 S9 mix 對 Salmonella typhimurium TA98和 TA100菌株不具有毒性也不具致突變性。在抗致突變方面，紅藜嫩葉水、50%乙醇萃取物對直接型致突變劑（4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide）之抗致突變率分別為5.9~17.1% （TA98）及6.2~17.5%（ TA100）之間；但添加 S9 mix 時，紅藜嫩葉水、50%乙醇萃取物對間接型致突變劑（2-aminoanthracene）之抗致突變率分別為34.2~64.1%（TA98）及25.1~69.2%（TA100 ）之間。在抗氧化能力及抗氧化成分分析實驗結果顯示，在抗氧化能力中，隨著紅藜葉子萃取物濃度越高，總抗氧化能力以及 DPPH 清除自由基能力，以水萃取物效果最好，分別是總抗氧化能力（1.762 mM of trolox）， DPPH 清除自由基能力 （117.39%），亞鐵離子螯合能力和還原力以50%乙醇萃取物效果最好。抗氧化成分分析總多酚類含量和總類黃酮含量以50%乙醇萃取物效果最好，其總多酚含量為（772.38 mg of GAE/g）、總類黃酮含量為（71.67 mg of rutin/g）。綜合以上結果所述，紅藜葉子不論水萃或50%乙醇萃取物在安氏試驗及抗氧化評估方面，都是隨著濃度越高越有抗致突變性與抗氧化能力，因此推斷紅藜葉子水萃或50%乙醇萃取物具有致突變的潛力且有良好的抗氧化能力。
Chenopodium formosanum Koidz as Chenopodiaceae,Chenopodium,a weedy annual plant,was a native cereal plant in Taiwan, distribution in taiwan Sandimen, Majia, Taiwu, Laiyi, and Spring township, etc. Use more than a century of traditional food crops in Taiwan aborigines people. While in recent years,Chenopodium formosanum Koidz Leaf often eaten as a vegetable,but research information on the food safety and less. The study was investigated the antioxidant and antimutagenic activity of Chenopodium formosanum Koidz water and ethanolic extract by several antioxidant activity determinated methods and Ames test. Results indicate that microbial toxicity and mutagenicity assay (Ames test) show that all the extracts (0.3125~5 mg/plate of water, 0.3125~5 mg/plate of 50% ethanolic),with or without rat liver enzyme mixture (S9),had no toxicity and mutagenicity effect toward all tester strains (Salmonella typhinurium TA98 and TA100).Antimutagenic test of Chenopodium formosanum Koidz Leaf water extract showed inhibition effect toward TA98 against 4-NQO (the inhibition was 10.1~24.3%) and toward TA100 against 4-NQO (the inhibition was 32.5~38.7%)；Chenopodium formosanum Koidz Leaf 50% ethanolic extract showed inhibition effect toward TA98 against 4-NQO (the inhibition was 5.9~17.1%) and toward TA100 against 4-NQO (the inhibition was 12.4~17.5%).But water extract has lower exibition effect toward TA98 against 2-aminoanthracene (the inhibition was 16.5~32.7%) and toward TA100 against 2-aminoanthracene (the inhibition was 19.0~44.6%)；50% ethanolic extract showed inhibition effect toward TA98 against 2-aminoanthracene (the inhibition was 34.2~64.1%) and toward TA100 against 2-aminoanthracene (the inhibition was 25.1~69.2%). On antioxidant capacity, results indicated that the higher concentrations of extracts Chenopodium formosanum Koidz Leaf, the TEAC and DPPH scavenging capability of water extract were highest,and values were 1.77 mM of trolox ,the highest scavenging rate,with effective concentration 800ppm values were 117.39 mg/ml.The chelating ability, Reducing power, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content results indicated that the 50% ethanolic extract were the best.Showed a high total antioxidant capacity (772.38±0.01 mg of GAE/g) with total phenols method and showed a high total antioxidant capacity (71.67±0.00 mg of rutin /g) with total flavonoid method. At last, Chenopodium formosanum Koidz Leaf no matter water or 50% ethanol extract in Ames test and antioxidant activity was in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, this study reveals that Chenopodium formosanum Koidz Leaf water or 50% ethanol extract with mutagenic potential and has good antioxidant capacity. |
