| 摘要: | 本研究以生命週期評估方法，探討四種個案橡膠材料之環境衝擊與生態效益，功能單位為1噸產品，透過評估結果並探討產品如何達到減毒與減碳之目標。以濃縮乳膠(Concentrated Latex)、煙膠片(RSS Rubber)、苯乙烯－丁二烯乳膠(SBR Latex)與橡膠(SBR Rubber)四種橡膠材料為個案，探討其環境衝擊、碳足跡與生態效益。研究包含三大部分，第一部分為個案橡膠材料生命週期評估；第二部分為個案之能源投入、碳足跡與毒性分析；第三部分為生態效益的推估；第四部份為環境改善方案情境模擬。研究結果包括：(1)Eco-indicator95評估結果，能源消耗以SBR橡膠最高，其次為SBR乳膠；溫室效應以SBR橡膠最高，其次為煙膠片；致癌性以煙膠片最高，其次為SBR橡膠。(2) Eco-indicator99單一得點，以SBR橡膠最高，其次為SBR乳膠，以濃縮乳膠最低。(3)碳足跡分析SBR橡膠(6070.75kg CO2-eq.)最高及SBR乳膠(2618.09kg CO2-eq.)；不考量天然橡膠之生質碳，碳足跡減低分別為濃縮乳膠(874.97kg CO2-eq)及煙膠片(1502.48kg CO2-eq.)。(4)產品碳足跡之生態效益以SBR乳膠最優，SBR橡膠最低，天然橡膠介於兩者之間。(5)以不同原料生產國情境之溫室效益比較，以泰國生產排放最低，印尼最高。(6)熱泵能源替代應用於煙膠片製程減碳效益較SBR橡膠高。
The study was focused on environmental impacts and eco-efficiency for four types rubber material by Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), and studied how to improve the goal on low carbon and toxicity reduction. The four rubber materials are concentrated latex, ribbed smoked sheets (RSS), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR Rubber) and styrene-butadiene latex (SBR Latex) in this study. The results contain four parts, the first is environmental impacts; the second is energy use, carbon emission, toxicity analysis; third part is the eco-efficiency comparisions; and the last is simulation scenarios for low carbon and toxicity reduction. The results showed that: (1) The SBR rubber was the highest with the value on 8.35E+04MJ LHV for energy consumption by Eco-indicator 95, and the next was SBR latex with 3.63E+04MJ LHV; On the carbon footprint, the highest was SBR rubber with the value on 5.58E+03kg CO2-eq., and the next was RSS Rubber with 4.02kg CO2-eq.; For the carcinogens, RSS rubber was the highest, and the next was SBR rubber. (2) For the single score of Eco-indicator 99, the highest environmental impact was SBR rubber, the next was SBR latex, and the last was concentrated latex. (3) For the carbon footprint, SBR rubber was the highest with the value on 6070.8kg CO2-eq. , SBR latex was the lowest with the value on 2618.1kg CO2-eq. (4) The SBR latex was the best eco-efficiency among them. (5) The simulation scenarios indicated that the natural rubber was the lowest carbon footprint from Thailand, the next was from Malaysia, and the last was from Indonesia. (6) The simulation scenarios, the RSS rubber was more heat efficiency than SBR rubber by heat pump alternative. |
