| 摘要: | 天人菊(Gaillardia pulchella)，又名虎皮菊，是菊科天人菊屬，原產於美國中部，為生長期極短的一年生植物，於台灣離島-澎湖全島皆有分布，為觀賞用花，花期為五月至八月，現今關於天人菊精油的研究及商品很少，因此本實驗想開發這種離島遍地皆有的花卉，探討天人菊於四、五、七月份不同生長期間，萃取方法對於萃出精油成分及生物活性的影響，評估有無應用之潛力。精油取得方法是使用無溶劑微波萃取法(SFME)及水蒸氣蒸餾法(HD)進行精油萃取，並利用GC-MS分析精油成分，再進行其抗菌、抗發炎的活性評估。GC-MS分析結果顯示，以水蒸氣蒸餾法萃取不同月份天人菊精油，四月、五月、七月之天人菊精油主要成份為β-pinene，其比例分別為21.86%、21.87%、24.58%。以無溶劑微波萃取法萃取不同月份天人菊精油，四月主要成分為bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol,1,7,7-trimethyl-,acetate,(1S-endo)- (22.79%)，五月、七月天人菊精油主要成份為β-pinene，其比例分別為33.68%及31.69%，在不同萃取法之下，無溶劑微波萃取法(SFME)所得的β-pinene含量皆高於水蒸餾法(HD)。抗發炎能力評估，比較五月與七月精油的差異，結果顯示對於NO自由基清除力，在0.25%濃度下，五月HD精油效果優於SFME，七月HD與SFME無顯著性差異，在1%濃度下SFME皆優於HD；在5-LOX抑制效果上，SFME效果依然優於HD，七月所萃取的精油則較優於五月。比較五、七月份的精油對Escherichia coli、Staphylococcus aureus、Pseudomonas aeruginosa、Propionibacterium acnes、Candida albicans、Pityrosporum ovale六株菌抗菌效果差異，結果顯示，對Staphylococcus aureus，五月SFME精油優於其他精油；對Pityrosporum ovale，七月SFME精油優於其他精油，而對其他菌的抑菌評估結果皆以七月HD精油優於其他精油。
Abstract Gaillardia pulchella, also called Indian blanket, belongs to gaillardia in composite family. It is a therophyte with a short growth period native to center America, but now it distributes all over Taiwan’s outlying islands - Peng-hu Island. Gaillardia pulchella is ornamental flower with its florescence ranges from May to August. For now, there are few research and product relating to Gaillardia pulchella essential oil, so this experiment intends to exploit the flower which can be seen everywhere in outlying islands and estimate whether it has potential of application through the investigation of its growth in April, May and July, and the impact of the extraction method on the extracted essential oil components and the bioactivity. The Gaillardia pulchella essential oil was obtained firstly by extracting essential oil through SFME and HD, and then GC-MS was adopted to analyze the essential oil components, and lastly conducting evaluations of anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory activity. The analysis results of GC-MS showed that, the main essential oil component extracted by HD from the flowers blossomed in April, May and July is β-pinene with the proportion of 21.86%, 21.87% and 24.58% respectively. While, the main essential oil components extracted by SFME from the April were bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol,1,7,7-trimethyl-, acetate,(1S-endo)- (22.79%), and that of the flowers blossomed in May and July was β-pinene with the proportion of 33.68% and 31.69% respectively. Under different extraction methods, the β-pinene content extracted by SFME was usually higher than HD. The evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity: comparing the differences between essential oils extracted from May and July， the results indicated that for the NO free radical scavenging capacity, when at 0.25%, the essential oil extracted from May by SFME is better than HD, but there is no significantly different between HD and SFME by extracted from July, SFME performed better than HD rest at 1.0% in other difference month ; in the inhibitory effect of 5-LOX, SFME still performed better than HD, while the essential oil extracted from July performed better than from May.Using six strains —Escherichia coli、Staphylococcus aureus、Pseudomonas aeruginosa、Propionibacterium acnes、Candida albicans、Pityrosporum ovale to compare the differences anti-microbial effect between the essential oil extracted from May and July, and the result showed that the SFME essential oil extracted from May performed best in anti-microbial activity of Staphylococcus aureus；the SFME essential oil extracted from July performed best in anti-microbial activity of Pityrosporum ovale， HD essential oil extracted performed best in that of the rest strains. |
