| 摘要: | 本研究探討臺灣南部地區六個代表不同空氣品質環境的測站，包括斗六、台南、林園、恆春、馬公、臺東，自2002-2011近10?之空氣品質變化與趨勢，主要項目包括PM10 , PM2.5 , SO2 , NO, NO2 , CO及O3，並探討此六處當地O3的生成潛勢。PM10、PM2.5、SO2與NO等污染物濃度，均以林園站的日逐時、月平均、季平均與年平均濃度最高；NO2與CO濃度以台南站最高；O3濃度以馬公站與恆春站平均濃度最高，主要乃因兩地並無生成O3的前驅物及再與O3反應的污染物，而導致當地O3長期濃度居高不下，逐時O3最高濃度除了馬公站發生在下午4點，其他各站O3最高濃度出現在下午2點，馬公站O3最高濃度的時間延遲主要乃臺灣西部生成的O3經臺灣海峽的飄移傳輸所導致。各測站之O3日生成潛勢則以斗六站、台南站與林園站顯著，O3最高濃度可達當日最低濃度的3.16~4.42倍，以斗六站最具O3日生成潛勢，恆春站與馬公站日生成潛勢日生成潛勢最低，當地卻有較高的O3濃度，主要乃外地傳輸移入。以2002年或馬公設站之初，比較各站2011年之空氣品質變化趨勢觀察，各站之近10年之CO及NO2年平均濃度均呈現下降趨勢，PM2.5年平均濃度除了林園測站略往上升，其他五站均呈現下降趨勢，但僅有恆春長年濃度低於PM2.5年平均標準(15?g/m3)。雖然斗六、台南、林園及恆春的PM10年平均濃度呈現下降趨勢，但2011年斗六、台南、林園三站之PM10年平均濃度尚高於PM10年平均標準(65 ?g/m3)，尤其是2011年林園站的PM10年平均值甚至高達76.4 ?g/m3，此外，馬公、臺東的PM10年平均濃度雖然低於PM10年平均標準，但兩站的PM10年平均濃度卻呈現上升趨勢，尤其2011年馬公的PM10年平均濃度較2004年馬公設站之初的39.2 ?g/m3增加至48.7 ?g/m3，濃度增幅達到24.2%，顯示馬公近年來有更多的人為微粒排放貢獻。各測站近10年O3年平均濃度除了馬公呈現下降，其他五站之O3年平均濃度均呈現上升趨勢，但比較2011及2010年之O3年平均濃度，除了臺南及林園略升，其他四站略有下降，顯示區域O3的改善管理成效尚有檢討的空間。
This study examined the air quality changes and trends in the past decade, from 2002 to 2011, with the data collected from the six observation stations (Douliou, Tainan, Linyuan, Hengchuen, Magong and Taitung) in southern Taiwan, as representatives of the different air quality environments. The main measurement items included PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO, NO2, CO and O3. The O3 generation potentials at the six places were also discussed.The daily-hourly, monthly average, quarterly and annual average concentrations of pollutants, such as PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NO, were the highest in Linyuan station. The concentrations of NO2 and CO were the highest at Tainan station. The concentration of O3 at Magong station and at Hengchun station were the highest, mainly due to the lack of the precursor to generate O3 and the pollutants to react with O3, thus resulting in the long-term high concentrations of O3 locally. As for the highest hourly O3 concentration, except for that of Magong station appearing at 4 pm, those of other stations all appeared at 2 pm with the delay of the highest hourly O3 concentration at Magong station primarily caused by the drift and transmission of O3 generated in western Taiwan through the Taiwan Strait. The daily O3 generation potential recorded at Douliu, Tainan, and Linyuan stations were significant. The O3 concentration reached as high as 3.16~4.42 times of the lowest concentration of the same day. The highest daily O3 generation potential happened at Douliou station and the lowest O3 generation potential happened at Hengchun station and Magong station. However, the high concentration of O3 locally was mainly transmitted and imported from other places.The air quality changes and trends observed at all stations in 2011 were compared with the data in 2002 or at the establishment of Magong station. The annual average concentrations of CO and NO2 recorded in each station showed a downward trend in the past decade. While only that in Linyuan increased slightly, the annual average PM2.5 concentrations in the other five stations all showed a downward trend. Only the annual concentration of Hengchun was below the annual average PM2.5 standard (15 ?g/m3). Although the annual average PM10 concentrations at Douliou, Tainan, Linyuan, and Hengchuen stations showed a downward trend, the annual average PM10 concentrations of Douliou, Tainan and Linyuan stations in 2011 were still above the annual average PM10 standard (65 ?g/m3). The annual average PM10 of Linyuan station in 2011 reached 76.4 ?g/m3. In addition, although the annual average PM10 concentrations of Magong and Taitung stations were lower than the annual average PM10 standard, the annual average PM10 concentrations of the two stations were on the rising trend. The annual average PM10 concentration of Magong station in 2011 increased from 39.2 ?g/m3 at the establishment of Magong station in 2004 to 48.7 ?g/m3, indicting a concentration increase rate of 24.2%, and the contribution of more artificial particulate emissions in recent years at Magong station. Except for data at Magong station showed a decline in the past decade, the annual average O3 concentrations of the other five stations showed a rising trend. According to the comparison of the annual average O3 concentrations of 2011 and 2010, a slight increase at Tainan and Linyuan stations existed, while the other four stations decreased slightly, indicating more spaces for improving the effectiveness of the local O3 management. |
