| 摘要: | 二氧化氯為一強氧化型消毒劑，現於世界各國及各產業領域均有多方使用。自從2009年莫拉克風災重創台灣後，國軍已將災害防救納入平時戰備訓練項目中，而陸軍軍官學校黃埔湖係屬高雄鳳山地區戰備用水儲存之重要處所，其有效蓄水量約為4,650立方公尺，當面臨水源因災害斷絕供應時，立即以消毒藥劑消毒及淨化處理，做為緊急因應的飲用水水源則為本次研究之重點。本研究中，水質指標檢測測得氨氮值為4.8 mg/L as NH3-N、 導電度為818.2 μmho/cm 顯示水體因流動性較低，導致水中有機物與鹽類含量較高。而水溫、酸鹼度、懸浮固體、重金屬含量等則是符合環保署飲用水規範標準。殺菌效能部分，使用0.5及1.0 mg/L as ClO2 二氧化氯添加殺菌5分鐘後，可100 %處理原水總菌落數(2.5×108 CFU/mL)與大腸桿菌菌落數(2.4×105 CFU/100mL)，並達到環保署規定生飲之標準。而殺菌後水質殘餘二氧化氯檢測部分，結果發現使用1.0 mg/L as ClO2 二氧化氯密封殺菌30分鐘後，水體內二氧化氯濃度仍可保有原添加殺菌濃度。再以感應耦合電漿光譜儀(ICP-OES)分析其消毒後的水質顯示：各項重金屬含量皆合於飲用水管制標準。包括銅0.033 mg/L as Cu、 鋅0.218 mg/L as Zn與鎳0.015 mg/L as Ni，而鎘、鉻、鉛等元素則是低於方法偵測極限(ND)未能檢出。本次發現二氧化氯殺菌效果及穩定度均較次氯酸鈉等其他四種消毒劑表現好，其有效去除總菌落數之各消毒藥劑濃度?時間(CT)比值顯示ClO2 : NaClO : H2O2 : S.ClO2 : NaClO2為25 : 50 : 1000 : 10000 : 10000，對於大腸桿菌數的殺菌部分則為5 : 10 : 50 : 25 : 500。中性活化二氧化氯生成器效能驗證部分，先以一公升反應器進行試驗，發現反應溫度60℃、反應時間7分鐘為其最佳控制條件，其產製之活化二氧化氯溶液濃度可達2.83×103 mg/L as ClO2、pH值7.31。在十公升二氧化氯生成器操作方面，則是以35℃反應10分鐘為最佳控制條件，而其濃度可達4.085× 103 mg/L as ClO2，pH值為7.29。本次研究發現中性活化二氧化氯生成器於35℃的條件下，可製得高效率的中性活化二氧化氯消毒劑，其消毒效能也經確認，確實具備新一代二氧化氯生成器之應用潛力。而國軍戰備用水經由二氧化氯消毒及淨化處理後，確可作為國軍戰備用水之緊急消毒使用。
Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is a strong oxidizing disinfectant, which is currently used by worldwide countries and industries. Since Typhoon Morakot devastated Taiwan on 2009, the national military has included disaster prevention and rescue operations into their regular training. However, the Whampoa Lake in Military Academy, located at the Fengshan area in Kaohsiung, is an important water storage for combat readiness. The effective water storage capacity of the lake is 4,650 cubic meters. Therefore, this study aims on the possible disinfecting and purification processes of Whampoa Lake which has to immediately serve as drinking water source during the times of emergency where the water supply is cut off owing to happened disaster.In this study, the measured water quality indicated that the ammonia value is 4.8 mg/L and the conductivity is 818.2 μmho/cm, which illustrate that the water contains organic compounds and salts owing to lower water mobility. Based on the experimental result, it indicates that the values of water temperature, pH, suspended solids and heavy metal content are conformed by the EPA standards. Regarding the performance of sterilization, adding 1.0 mg/L of ClO2 after five minutes, the water quality reaches 100% sterilization. The total number of colonies (2.5×108 CFU/mL) and the E. coli colony counts (2.4×105 CFU/100mL) are effectively eliminated, which fulfill the requirements of drinking water standard. Moreover, after adding 1.0 mg/L of ClO2 sterilization in 30 minutes, the remaining amount of the measured ClO2 in the water still preserve its ability in disinfection. For the heavy metals analysis after disinfecting with ClO2 using the inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP-OES), the amounts of heavy metals (copper at 0.033 mg/L, zinc at 0.218 mg/L and Ni at 0.015 mg/L) still fulfill the requirements of drinking water standard. Elements, such as cadmium, chromium, and lead, are below the detection limit (ND). Thus, this study confirmed that ClO2 illustrates better disinfecting result and stability compared with the other four types of disinfectants, such as NaClO. Their performance in eliminating total colonies numbers with disinfectant concentration-time (CT) are 25 : 50 : 1000 : 10000 : 10000 as ClO2 : NaClO : H2O2 : S.ClO2 : NaClO2, while it in eliminating the number of E. coli is 5 : 10 : 50 : 25 : 500.Regarding the performance examination of neutral activated ClO2 generator, one liter reactor is tested under laboratory simulation. The best control conditions was confirmed at temperature of 60℃ and reaction time of 7 minutes. The activation of ClO2 solution reaches at pH value of 7.31 while the concentration is 2830 mg/L. Considering the performance and security, a stepped approach was executed by setting 30℃as controlled temperature. Therefore, the best operating condition of ten liter ClO2 reactor is confirmed at temperature of 35℃ and reaction time of ten minutes, where the disinfecting concentration reaches at 4085 mg/L as ClO2 and the pH value at 7.29.This study indicates that the neutral activated ClO2 generator could produce high performance neutral activated ClO2 disinfectant under the temperature of 35℃. Its disinfection performance is also confirmed, which has high potential application as new generation of ClO2 generator. Therefore, the disinfection and purification of military readiness by ClO2 could truly serve as an emergency water use. |
