| 摘要: | 本研究主要測試當六氯苯被釋放到環境中之解決方案。過去數十年中六氯苯被大量的使用作為溶劑，殺蟲劑及除草劑；其次是製造其他工業化學品之副產品。六氯苯在使用前，並無風險評估規劃，因此使用完後數幾年逐衍生嚴重的環境問題且產生重大危害，因六氯苯屬於脂溶性化學特質，同時又具有持久性而難以分解的特性，大量釋放在環境中後，隨著食物鏈傳遞，嚴重破壞地球的生態。且HCB對哺乳類動物的內分泌非常強的影響力，尤其是對於未成年之哺乳類動物影響更為嚴重，造成發育不全、神經受損甚至畸形，因此如何處理環境中之六氯苯避免透過食物鏈進入生物圈將是一個重要的議題。本研究利用泰國華倫坡運河及台灣二仁溪河川之底泥厭氧微生物對六氯苯進行還原性脫氯作用之研究，因為六氯苯在過去被大量散布到環境中，如果能用自然環境條件進行降解將會是最好的方法。本研究分為兩個部份，在每一部份實驗過程中採用不同參數因子進行測試，實驗中採用通透性鋼杯及玻璃杯之底泥環境模擬槽以進行自然環境之汙染復育模擬實驗。結果顯示，台灣二仁溪底泥及泰國華倫坡運河底泥當中具有降解六氯苯之厭氧微生物，且會因添加的化學物質而有不同的降解情況發生，尤其在厭氧環境下添加界面活性劑降解效果最好，但添加生活汙水常見汙染物如壬基酚或鄰苯二甲酸二脂則有抑制現象發生。至於自然河川底泥中的HCB降解潛勢分析上泰國運河底泥與台灣二仁溪均含有相當豐富的基質營養物，且兩處的微生物本身都具有脫氯能力，因此可以直接的供給微生物以進行脫氯作用顯示HCB在自然水體中進行環境復育之可行性極高。
This research is dedicated to investigate the resolution of HCB contamination in natural environment. After decades of extensive use in pest control, as well as the by-product of manufacturing industrial chemicals, HCB had made a contribution in keeping human wealthy but also caused severe damage in human healthy. As an extremely hydrophobic chemical, HCB is bioaccumulated and persistent in natural environment. It had been distributed into all kinds of animals by food chain system, even human being was suffered. HCB is harmful to mammals, induces the hypoplasia, nervous system insufficiency, and even deformity. Wherefore, to diminish and deplete HCB in natural environment is critical in sustained the well functional ecosystem.In this research, anaerobic microorganisms from Er-ren River, Taiwan and Hua-Lum-Poo canal, Thailand were applied in the reductive dechlorination of HCB. The widespread HCB in the environment can be depleted by human engineering approaches, by the natural attenuation, or one more step forward by the environmental remediation process enhanced with human technologies as this research did. The whole research has separated to two categories, the first is HCB dechorination tests under various environmental conditions, the second is the application of popular environmental chemicals in dechlornation process. The purpose was set to create a suitable environment condition for environmental HCB degradation. Most of experiments were tested in a designed aquatic system, the Simulated Aquarium Boxes equipped with Modified Permeable Columns.The results showed that anaerobes from all different sites of Er-ren River and Hua-Lum-Poo canal were able to degrade HCB. The HCB dechlorination varied by different treatments, the addition of surfactants usually showed positive effects, but ordinary contaminats in river water like Nonylphenol and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate showed negative results. Hua-Lum-Poo canal sediment slurries possessed novel HCB dechlorination potential than Er-Ren River’s, it might from the Canal has being long-term HCB contaminated and with extremely high COD values. The research revealed the potential of river sediments in depleting HCB naturally. In case of re-open of use fo HCB in the near Future in certain region. The results can reduce the environmental impact of HCB to human being and the ecosystem. |
