| Abstract: | In this study, the particulate matter (PM) emitted from Thailand andTaiwan incense stick burning were collected for quantify particle number(PN) size distributions and identify chemical compositions. Twenty types ofincense sticks were selected (ten types from Thailand (TH) and the othertypes from Taiwan (TW)). Burning measurement of incense stick wasconducted in the controlled chamber. The size distributions of PN fromincense stick burning are monitored by using NanoSMPS (NanoScan SMPSNanoparticle Sizer, Model 3910, TSI Inc.) and OPS (Optical Particle Sizer,Model 3330, TSI Inc.), which the time to account PN was separated to betwo phases (during and post-burning). Both of Thailand and Taiwan incensestick burning emitted the similar patterns in the particle number (dN/dlogDp),particle surface area (dS/dlogDp) and particle mass (dM/dlogDp) sizedistributions (During>Post-burning). Moreover, the mode of PN sizedistribution was higher than 99.1 nm with the highest of %modes of PNconcentration found in the Accumulation I mode, ranged from 100 – 200 nmof particle size. Burning of Taiwan incense stick appeared a higher PNemission potential, compared to Thailand incense stick. The most abundantparticle number concentration (?N) of incense stick burning was TW10 with5.42×106±0.27×106cm-3, while the lowest ?N was TH10 with 2.37×106±0.21×106cm-3, revealing PN emitted from TW10 incense burning is 2 timesof TH10 incense burning. Ten types of incense sticks were selected forchemical characterize (five types from Thailand and the other types fromTaiwan), which PM2.5 was collected by using PEM sampling deviceII(Personal Environmental monitor, MSP Inc.). PM2.5 and ash emission factorswere 102.93±40.59 mg PM2.5 g-1-incense and 148.88±25.17 mg Ash g-1-incense for Thailand incense sticks, and 120.69±40.13 mg PM2.5 g-1-incenseand 76.59±94.21 mg Ash g-1-incense for Taiwan incense sticks, respectively.Levoglucosan, K+and Cl- were the dominant compositions in PM2.5, whileK+and Cl- were the dominant compositions in ash residual. Moreover, xylitolwas found abundance in PM2.5 emitted from Taiwan incense stick, so xylitolwas considered as a marker for classify the sources of incense burning. |
