| 摘要: | 目的：本研究之主要目的為使用健康信念模式探討新陳代謝科門診病患對健康促進生活型態之相關影響因素，並且提供醫療院所及病患在健康促進活動上之建議。方法：研究問卷主要以健康信念模式理論建構而成，調查內容除基本資料與基本生化血液數值外，問卷內容包含自覺罹患性、自覺疾病威脅、自覺利益、自覺障礙、行動線索、健康促進生活型態、疾病認知等項目。問卷經專家效度檢定與信度檢測後施測。調查對象為南部某地區醫院之新陳代謝科門診病患，實際發放問卷300份，有效問卷為282份，有效回收率為94%。資料收集輸入後，以描述性統計分析、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析及卡方檢定進行分析，探討在健康信念模式中，各構面因素對健康促進生活型態之影響。結果：研究結果發現年齡層較高者、女性、未婚者、無過去病史者、無家族病史者、教育程度較低者、平均月收入較低者，自覺疾病威脅較低，自覺利益較小、自覺障礙較大，自我效能較低，行動線索較低與疾病認知較差，健康促進生活型態分數越低，愈不會實施健康行為；在健康信念模式因素中，除疾病認知外，其自覺疾病威脅、自覺利益障礙、自我效能、行動線索皆顯著影響健康促進生活型態結論與建議：以新陳代謝科門診病患而言，自覺疾病威脅較高，自覺利益較高、自覺障礙較低、自我效能較高及行動線索較高者，健康促進生活型態就越高，愈會採取健康行為；建議衛生主管機構，針對不同屬性的患者可與社區照護團體共同舉辦衛生教育相關課程，加強認知較低民眾提高健康生活及健康飲食的知識，藉此瞭解自身的疾病狀況，以提高對健康促進生活型態的認識，進而採用健康之行為；亦可利用大眾媒體的影響及傳播，鼓勵患者從事預防性健康行為，進而養成良好的生活習慣。
Objective: The main goals of this study will try to investigate the relationship of health beliefs and health promoting lifestyles among outpatients with metabolic syndromes. Results can provide suggestions for medical institutions and patients setting up activities of health promotion.Methods: Questionnaires are mainly constructed by the health belief model theory, which contains conscious suffering, consciously disease threats, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, action cues, health-promoting lifestyle, and cognitions of disorders. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire are executed. A total of 300 questionnaires are distributed in southern Taiwan regional hospital and 282 are returned, a valid rate is 94%. Data is collected and analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent sample t test, one-way anova analysis of variance and chi-square tests to describe and predict factors that affect behaviors of health promotion.Results: Results showing that subjects with elder age, female, unmarried status, no past disease history, no family disease history, lower education level, lower average monthly income, less consciously disease threats, small conscious interests, more conscious barriers, lower self-efficacy, lower action clues and poor cognition of disorders, have lower scores of health promoting lifestyle. Results also indicate conscious disease threat, conscious disease interests, self-efficacy, action cues are significantly affecting factors to predict behaviors of the health promoting lifestyle.Conclusions and suggestions: For outpatients with metabolic syndromes, higher disease conscious threats, higher conscious interests, lower conscious barriers, high self-efficacy and action clues would adapt more behaviors of health promoting lifestyles. This study will recommend that health organizations and community care groups can cooperate with health promotion education to set up programs to strengthen knowledge of healthy nutrition and disease to prevent of outpatients with metabolic syndromes. Health promotion programs can also be spread by multimedia to encourage outpatients raising awareness of importance of disease to prevent and develop a good healthy lifestyles. |
