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    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://ir.cnu.edu.tw/handle/310902800/28598


    標題: Impact of Ester Promoieties on Transdermal Delivery of Ketorolac
    作者: Liu, Kuo-Sheng
    Hsieh, Pei-Wen
    Aljuffali, Ibrahim A.
    Lin, Yin-Ku
    Chang, Shu-Hao
    Wang, Jhi-Joung
    Fang, Jia-You
    貢獻者: 藥學系
    關鍵字: ketorolac
    ester prodrug
    transdermal delivery
    promoiety
    hydrolysis
    absorption
    enzymology
    formulation
    percutaneous
    skin
    日期: 2014-03
    上傳時間: 2015-05-06 21:22:01 (UTC+8)
    出版者: Wiley-Blackwell
    摘要: Different types of ketorolac ester prodrugs incorporating tert-butyl (KT), benzyl (KB), heptyl (KH), and diketorolac heptyl (DKH) promoieties were synthesized for the comparison of percutaneous penetration. The prodrugs were characterized according to their melting point, capacity factor, lipophilicity, solubility in 30% ethanol/buffer, enzymatic hydrolysis, in vitro skin permeation, hair follicle accumulation, and in vivo skin tolerance. Interactions between the prodrugs and esterases were predicted by molecular docking. Both equimolar suspensions and saturated solutions in 30% ethanol/pH 7.4 buffer were employed as the applied dose. All of the prodrugs exhibited a lower melting point than ketorolac. The lipophilicity increased in the following order: ketorolac < KT < KB < KH < DKH. The prodrugs were rapidly hydrolyzed to the parent drug in esterase medium, skin homogenate, and plasma, with KT and KB exhibiting higher degradation rates. KT exhibited the highest skin permeation, followed by KB. The flux of KT and KB exceeded that of ketorolac by 2.5-fold and twofold, respectively. KH and DKH did not improve ketorolac permeation but exhibited a sustained release behavior. KT and KH revealed selective absorption into follicles and a threefold greater follicular uptake compared with ketorolac. KB, KH, and DKH slightly but significantly increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL) after consecutive administration for 7 days, whereas ketorolac and KT exhibited no influence on TEWL. According to the experimental results, it can be concluded that an optimal balance between lipophilicity and aqueous solubility is important in the design of a successful prodrug. The acceptable skin tolerance for safe application is also an important consideration. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    關聯: Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, v.103 n.3, pp.974-986
    Appears in Collections:[藥學系(所)] 期刊論文

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