薄膜分離技術已廣泛應用在水與廢水處理上，尤其是廢水回收再利用更是不可或缺。而薄膜積 垢(fouling)現象卻影響其使用效率及提高處理成本，進而阻礙其應用推廣。本硏究將以二年時間探 討減緩薄膜積垢與去積垢(defouling)技術，並將此技術應用於新穎的沉浸式薄膜生物反應槽 (Submerged membrane bioreactor, SMBR)處理廢水。 第一年：將設計一新穎的SMBR應用於廢水處理，反應槽含生物反應區、沉澱區及薄膜過濾區 等三區。實驗分析反應槽之水理情況、沉澱區之沉澱效率及薄膜過瀘區之混和液懸浮固體物濃度 (MLSS)，以期減緩積垢現象，並探討此新穎SMBR之操作效率。 第二年：組裝一超音波音場，應用在薄膜去積垢之硏究。將探討超音波音場之頻率與使用時間， 對去除化學性膠羽(水處理)與生物性膠羽(廢水處理)產生的積垢效應。將分析超音波音場對薄膜特 性、膠羽之粒徑分布與過瀘液水質造成的變化，尤其是超音波對微生物活性造成的衝撃效應，以期 建立最佳的音場去積垢效應。最後將超音波裝置於新穎的SMBR，探討其處理效率與出流水水質。 新穎的SMBR應能減緩薄膜積垢的速率，裝置超音波去積垢設備應能延長薄膜功能，並降低逆 洗頻率，以達降低操作成本與提高水回收再利用之目標。 Membrane separation technology has been widely applied in water and wastewater treatment, especially in the water reclamation and recycling. However, the membrane fouling decreased the membrane efficiency and increased the cost of the process, thus limited the membrane application. In two-year researches, a novel Submerged Membrane Bio-Reactor (SMBR) will be designed to reduce membrane fouling and the defouling technology will also be investigated. First year: A novel SMBR, including bio-reaction zone (aeration zone), settling zone and membrane filtration zone will be designed to reduce membrane fouling in treating wastewater. The followings will be studied: the hydraulic condition of the reactor, the efficiency of settling zone and the concentration of mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) in the filtration zone. The membrane fouling and biodegradation efficiency of the normal and novel SMBRs will be compared. Second year: A sound field of ultrasound source will be set up to study the effect on the membrane defouling. The effects of ultrasound frequency and power on the membrane fouling by chemical floc and biological floc will be investigated. The parameters of membrane characteristic, size distribution of floc and permeate quality will be analyzed. The impact of ultrasound on the activity of microorganism will also be concerned. Then, the ultrasound device will be introduced into both normal and novel SMBRs to exam the effluent quality and defouling efficiency. The novel SMBR should reduce membrane fouling and with ultrasound could prolong membrane function and reduce backwash frequency. Thus, it can reduce operation cost and enhance water reuse and recycling.
