| 摘要: | 受到全球暖化與極端氣候的影響，台灣正面臨澇和旱交替的氣候災害，尤其因台灣 地區山高地狹，地面的水資源保留不易，因此雖然平均降雨量高，但每人實際可分配 的降雨量卻非常少，加上台灣許多重要河川、灌溉用圳溝均面臨水污染的問題，造成 地面水體可直接利用的比例逐漸降低，迫使如何保留與保育每一滴珍貴的水資源，節 省水資源，為台灣須不斷努力尋求解決辦法且刻不容緩的議題。在綠建築觀念中的基 地保水設施除了可改善都市化地區的不透水率，也以提供水資源的的滲透與貯集，更 可提供地面降溫、降低噪音、以及提供植栽水源等優點，在水資源分配不均台灣，若 可以在都市化地區有效的施行基地保水設施，將可改善許多都市化對環境與水資源的 衝擊。但是目前一些相關的設施，只有表面的假象，缺少實質效益的評估與設施設計 的參數。目前關於基地保水設施的應用，大致可以分為二類：(1)水滲流大地，補充地 下水；(2)利用基地保水設施施行水資源的貯留，以進行水資源再利用。無論是將水資 源歸還大地或貯留使用，基地保水設施的滲透性與保水量，為基地保水設施成效的關 鍵，除了關注基地保水設施的滲透性，以水資源循環再利用的觀點而言，基地保水設 施所貯留的水體水質是否可達到再利用建議值，也值得關注，另外，當面臨旱災，基 地保水設施是否可以成為簡易的污水處理設施，提供簡易的污水處理功能，將生活雜 排水淨化為可再利用的中水，同樣為值得研究的課題。 本研究將以基地保水設施進行研究，探討：(1)不同表層、基層與底層特性的基地 保水設施的滲透性與可保水量；(2)基地保水設施的所貯留水體的水質良窳，並評估水 資源再利用的適用性範圍；(3)利用基地保水設施滲流生活雜排水，探討其是否具污水 處理功能，以及處理後的水質良窳。為系統性的完成以上研究目的，本研究計畫將分 為三年施行，分述如下： 第一年為建立不同表層、基層與底層的基地保水設施模型，探討不同條件與材質基 地保水的滲透性與保水量，本年度預期將可釐清不同條件的基地保水的透水特性與保 水量之關係，並依此提出改善目前透水性不佳的的基地保水設施改善方法。 第二年為利用第一年所建構之基地保水模型，以及選擇適當的實場基地保水設施， 進行水質與水量之研究，並進行再利用成本分析，本年度預期可獲得基地保水設施所 滲流貯集的水質狀況，如濁度、大腸桿菌群、油脂、重金屬含量，以及其他水資源再 利用所關注之水質參數，以提供基地保水設施水資源再利用之適用性與應用範圍之參 考，並且評估達到目標水質所需之成本。 第三年將再利用第一年所建構之基地保水模型，利用模擬污水或引流實際之生活雜 排水，評估基地保水設施的污水處理可行性，並由持續進行水體採樣分析，探討以基 地保水設施進行污水處理的效能，並評估其處理後水質的適用性與成本。
Because of global warming and extreme climates, natural disasters concerning water, drought and flood, are experienced in Taiwan simultaneously. Although rainfall is relatively high in Taiwan, water shortage is still a serious problem due to stiff terrains. In addition to heavy pollution in most of the major rivers and irrigation systems, the ratio of directly portable water is getting scarce in Taiwan. Therefore, water saving and reservation is an unavoidable issue requiring immediate solutions. The concepts of on-site water reservation in green architecture field cannot only improve impermeable rates in urban areas, but also achieving advantages as water retention, surface cool off, noise reduction, and irrigations, etc. If these conceptual facilities can be “efficiently” adapted, then the disaster cause by surface runoff can be eased and more water can be reserved. However, most of the applied facilities only have surface phenomena if infiltration and lacking of actual efficiency and design parameters evaluations. In general, there are two major goals can be practical applied: 1. infiltrate surface runoff for ground water and 2. reserve natural water with underground facilities for further use. Either for groundwater restoration or for human usage, the permeability and retention quantity of such facilities are the key concerns for achieving effective applications. Furthermore, whether the quality of reserved water good enough for daily use is another important issue needed to be verified. During drought period, if those retention facilities can be used as natural treatment system for municipal wastewater is also a subject worthwhile to be studied. In this research proposal, practical on-site water retention facilities are used as study target and the research subjects includes: 1. permeability and retention quanties on various surface and subsurface media used; 2. the evaluations of water qualities of reserved water in such facilities for further reuse; 3. investigation of treatment abilities and feasibility of such facilities on municipal wastewater. A 3-year project is proposed in order to achieving the research goals mentioned above systematically. First year: install on-site modeling facilities as water infiltration and retention systems with various surface and subsurface media and conditions. The expected results from this work include the relationships of water permeability and retention capacity of various designs of such facilities so as to propose improving ways for the problems of existing applications. Second year: setup pilot models of on-site retention systems and using the feasible facilities from the first year to study the quality and quality of water reservation including cost analysis. The expected results include understandings of the qualities of reserved water about turbidity, E-coli, oil and grease, heavy metals, and other concerned water parameters. The information can be used for designing the sites and feasible ranges such facilities and the potential costs for practical applications. Third year: using the setup pilot systems to treat simulated and real wastewater from daily life to study the treatability of such facilities. Based on the samples analyses, the feasible design parameters and cost analyses for achieving wastewater treatment by the on-site water retention systems can be revealed. |
