| 摘要: | 音樂相關活動對老年人的健康影響為近幾年所關切的重要議題。許多係從臨床護理、心理治療、藝術和社會行為觀點進行有關音樂治療的相關研究，對於音樂性活動的健康效益相關研究則相對有限。而透過正規性的音樂活動是否能豐富中高齡者的晚年生活，更是值得探討。 本研究旨在探討音樂社團活動的參與是否能對社區中高齡者在認知功能、憂鬱狀況以及睡眠品質等造成影響。並以南部300位平均年齡50歲以上的社區中高齡者為對象，分析其在參與音樂活動後的健康狀況及影響因素。樣本群有三組(一般社區組、音樂班組及非音樂班組)，每組人數為100人。本研究採用類實驗研究設計方式，比較樣本在音樂社團活動介入前後的差異，同時分析有音樂社團活動與無音樂社團活動之樣本群間的變化。有關認知、憂鬱及睡眠狀況是採用及早期失智症篩檢(AD-8)、美國流行病學研究中心憂鬱量表(CES-D)和匹茲堡睡眠品質(PSQI)等量表為研究工具於活動介入前先做一次問卷施測，活動三個月後在進行後測。 研究結果顯示，參與正規音樂班的中高齡者在憂鬱情緒上(F值=7.57, p<0.001)有明顯的改善效果，而認知狀況(4.93分降為2.19分)及睡眠狀況(4.52分降為4.20分)的前後測分數則無顯著差異。至於三組樣本的變化差異，則以認知(F值=3.52, p<0.05)與憂鬱(F值=7.57, p<0.001)的影響達顯著性。然而在控制其他變項之後，音樂班樣本在憂鬱狀況是有達統計上顯著的影響，顯示社區中高齡者相關社團活動以音樂班樣本在憂鬱情緒上的改善比非音樂班樣本及一般社區樣本為佳(經調整後R2=0.08)。參與音樂社團活動課程對社區中高齡者有正向的效果，這有助於衛生政策在社區健康計畫推動上的參考。
The influence of music related activities towards the health of the elderly has become an important topic in recent years.In the past, many studiesprimarily focused on music therapy related research form the perspective of clinical nursing, mental healing, art, and social behavior , so in the health benefits of musical activities related research was relatively limited. It is worth exploring whether regular musical activities could enrich the later lives of the people at the middle age and elderly age. This study was to investigate the effect on cognition, depression status, and sleep condition of the middle-age and elderly-age people in the community after participating in musical club activities. The study took 300 middle-age and elderly-age people with average age over 50 in communties of the southern Taiwan as the subjects of this research, and their health condition and affecting factors after the musical activities were analyzed. There were three groups of samples (general community, musical, and non-musical), 100 people in each group. The study adopted quasi-experimental design to compare the differences between thebefore and after intervention of musical club activities, and the sample variation between musical group and non-musical group was analyzed. The study tools included the scales of AD-8, CES-D and PSQI used for cognition, depression and sleep status respectively; the questionnaire survey was done before activity intervention, and the posttest was performed three months after the activity. The research results revealed a improve effect on the depressive status significantly (F=7.57, p<0.001) of middle-age and elderly-age people who joined regular musical activities ,while there were no remarkable differences on their cognition (4.93 lowered to 2.19) and sleep condition (4.52 lowered to 4.20) of the score between pretest and posttest. In addition, both variation of cognition (F=3.52 p<0.05) and depression (F=7.57, p<0.001) among the three sample groups were achieve significant diffenece. The sample group of regular joint musical activities had positive effect on improved the depression status siginificantly when theother variables were controlled, and it showed betterthan non-musical group and general community group in relevant club activities for the middle-age and elderly-age people in the community(R2=0.08 after the adjustment). Joining in the musical club activities were beneficial for the middle-age and elderly-age people in the community, and it was a helpful reference of promoting community health for health policies. |
